Zinc oxide lotion

MANUFACTURING DIRECTIONS 3. Mix items 5-10 until uniform and mix with 

Add item 1 to the water slowly, agitating with 4. Add item 11 and 12 and mix until smooth, 

Add item 3 and 4, mixing each time, until uniform. 

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Suspensions are regularly used as a dosage form. Examples can be found in oral suspensions (co-trimoxazol suspension), dermatological preparations (zinc oxide or calamine lotions like Zinc oxide lotion NRF (Table 18.17)), parenteral preparations (corticosteroid injections, medroxyprogesterone injection) and a suspension in the form of a solid dispersed in a melted fat base as in the case of suppositories. 

Zinc carbonate and zinc oxide are constituents of calamine lotion. Zinc oxide, an antiseptic, is present in zinc ointment and in cosmetic powders. 

Calamine lotion is a combination of calamine and zinc oxide. It is mildly astringent and imparts a soothing antipruritic effect. Calamine lotion is cheap and effective with few restrictions on its use. 

Zinc (Zn) Zinc is a bluish silver metal. Medical applications of zinc compounds include calamine lotion and zinc oxide (sun block). Galvanized steel is resistant to corrosion and is prepared by coating iron with a thin layer of zinc. 

A 100 mL bottle of skin lotion contains a number of solutes. One of these solutes is zinc oxide, ZnO. The concentration of zinc oxide in the skin lotion is 0.915 mol/L. What mass of zinc oxide is present in the bottle ... 

Methods for Reducing Toxic Effects. Limited information is available on treatments to alleviate the symptoms of tetryl exposure. These include treatment of the dermatitis with calamine lotion and/or zinc oxide preparations, treatment of dermatitis and ocular irritation with aluminum acetate or boric acid compresses, and treatment of hypersensitivity-like symptoms (including severe dermatitis and asthma-like symptoms) with epinephrine or antihistamines (Bain and Thomson I 954 Bergman 1952 Cripps 1917 Eddy 1943 Ruxton 1917 Smith 1916 Troup 1946 Witkowski et al. 1942). The data on the pharmacokinetics of tetryl are also limited (Zambrano and Mandovano 1956). In order to develop mitigating agents, further studies are needed on its kinetics and mechanisms of action. 

Zinc is used in ointments and eye-lotions and is a constituent of different forms of insulin. In the former type of applications zinc oxide, zinc stearate and zinc undecanoate may be encountered in a variety of creams, ointments and pastes. Moody and Taylor [104] dissolved the residue from such samples after ether extraction (lg in 5 ml ether) in concentrated hydrochloric acid. After dilution, the determination can be completed at 213.9 nm in the air/acetylene flame where interferences are not normally encountered. Various analytical techniques for determining zinc in insulin injections have been critically compared [105] atomic absorption was preferred as being accurate, fast and precise. Spielhotz and Toralballa [106] reported a method capable of determining low levels of zinc in insulin. The sample (5 mg) was suspended in water (10 ml), 1 drop of 6M hydrochloric acid was added to effect dissolution. After making up to 50 ml the determination was completed using an air/acetylene flame. Alternatively protamine insulin solution (1 ml) may be diluted to 50 ml after the addition of 1 drop of acid. 

In humans the treatment of skin lesions is mostly symptomatic. Pruritus is a common problem among SM-exposed veterans. A number of treatments like antihistamines, local anesthetics, and corticosteroids are prescribed in order to control pruritus in Iranian patients. When Unna s Boot (a gauze bandage impregnated with glycerine, zinc oxide, and calamine lotion) and betamethasone were compared for the treatment of pruritis, Unna s Boot showed better results (Shohrati et al, 2007a). SM-induced pruritis in chemical warfare-injured veterans was treated with phenol (1%) and menthol (1%), and this combination significantly reduced the pruritis in comparison to placebo (Panahi et al, 2007). 

Zinc oxide (ZnO, wurtzite structure) eliminates oxygen on heating to form nonstoichio-metric colored phases, Zni+xO with x < 70 ppm. ZnO is almost transparent and is used as white pigment, polymer stabilizer, emollient in zinc ointments, creams and lotions, as well as in the production of Zu2Si04 for TV screens. A major application is in the rubber industry to lower the temperatures and to raise the rate of vulcanization. Furthermore, it is an n-type semiconductor (band gap 3.37 eV) and shows piezoelectric properties, making zinc oxide useful for microsensor devices and micromachined actuators. Other applications include gas sensors , solar cell windows and surface acoustic devices. ZnO has also been considered for spintronic application because of theoretical predictions of room-temperature ferromagnetism . 

Stromeyer analyzed the odd yellow zinc carbonate. What he discovered was a new element—cadmium. The cadmium caused the zinc carbonate to turn yellow when heated. The name cadmium comes from the ancient term for zinc oxide, cadmia. Zinc oxide is still available in pharmacies today. It is sold under the name of calamine lotion. Calamine lotion is a popular remedy for stopping the itch of sunburn or bug bites. 

ASTRINGENTS precipitate proteins and are used in lotions to harden and protect skin where there are minor abrasions. They can also be used in lozenges, mouthwashes, eye-drops and antiperspirants. Examples include zinc oxide, and salts of aluminium (aluminium acetate, aluminium hydroxide). 

In the cosmetics industry, finely dispersed fillers, are used as abrasives (toothpaste, scrub cosmetics), for their light reflecting properties (sunscreen lotions), for their dehydrating and astringent effect (kaolin in face masks), for their cooling effect (zinc oxide in sunburn lotion), and as cosmetic color additives and extenders (makeup). The many different applications require an extensive range of filler properties. 

The first liquid foundations were known as neck and arm whiteners. They were developed for use in the theater and were early attempts to improve the characteristics of applied face powder. Early pharmaceutical methods used to develop improved foundations included combinations of calamine lotion, zinc oxide, glycerin, and water. Until the 1940s, foundations were in the form of nonflowing and very greasy pastes and creams (often called grease paint ). The cosmetic industry soon thereafter used different types of emulsifiers and thickeners combined with... 

Creams tend to be invisible on the skin. The same is true for ointments, although the oiliness of ointments causes them to glisten to an extent. Whatever opacity creams and ointments have is due primarily to the presence of insoluble soHds. These often imbue applications with a powdery or even crusty appearance. Dispersed soHds are usually functional, as in calamine lotion, zinc sulfide lotion, zinc oxide paste, and so on, and are an implacable feature of these preparations. However, at times insoluble soHds are added as tints to match the color of the skin and to impart opacity. Since individual skins vary widely in hue (pigmentation) and texture, tinting to a single color and texture is generally unsuccessful. 

Calamine is a naturally occurring zinc silicate that contains the equivalent of 67.5% zinc oxide, ZnO. (The term calamine also refers to a substance used to make calamine lotion.) What is the mass, in kilograms, of zinc in 1.347 X lO kg of natural calamine that is 67.5% ZnO ... 

Arsenic Acid Calamine lotion and zinc oxide powder on hands and other skin areas, rubber gloves, Bu. Wash well with soap and water. ... 

At the first sign of contact dermatitis, clean the skin area immediately. Patch testing may be needed to determine the causative factor. Apply wet dressings containing Burow s solution (aluminum acetate), lotions such as calamine that contain zinc oxide, calcium hydroxide solution, and glycerin. Calamine lotion may contain the antihistamine diphenhydramine and is used primarily for plant irritations. If itching persists, antipraritics (topical or systemic diphenhydramine [Benadryl]) may be used. Topical antipraritics should not be applied to open wounds or near the eyes or genital area. 

Zinc has been reported to promote the healing of burns and wounds when topically applied as zinc oxide or calamine lotion (Gordon et al. 1981). The mechanism by which this occurs was not discussed by the authors. Zinc oxide contained in an occlusive zinc tape dressing reduced the inflammatory reactions in the granulation tissue of wounded rats (Wetter et al. 1986). The authors speculated that zinc acted either by a continuous release of zinc ions or by modifying components involved in the tape s adhesive properties. 

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