Light reflecting properties

All of these factors may influence cotton particulate concentrations and visible light reflectance properties. Thus, using cottons with the natural range of variables for this feasibility study should add credence to the observed trends in the data. 

Responsible for characteristic luster and light reflectivity properties of a metal -> Accounts for malleability, ductility, and electrical conductivity of metals... 

In the cosmetics industry, finely dispersed fillers, are used as abrasives (toothpaste, scrub cosmetics), for their light reflecting properties (sunscreen lotions), for their dehydrating and astringent effect (kaolin in face masks), for their cooling effect (zinc oxide in sunburn lotion), and as cosmetic color additives and extenders (makeup). The many different applications require an extensive range of filler properties. 

Color sheet with light reflecting properties. [Data from Harasawa, J. Suzuki, X Ashizawa, H., US Patent 7,137,713, Nov. 21,2006.]... 

Additionally, the pavement surface should not generate high noise levels and should have good light reflective properties. For the latter, the micro- and macro-texture in conjunction with the water withholding at the surface are the basic affecting factors. 

The early work of Robinson et al. [31] was also done in this period. This involved solutions of poly-y-benzyl-L-glutamate in organic solvents. These solutions exhibited the selective light reflecting properties of thermotropic cholesteric liquid crystals. 

Responsible for characteristic luster and light reflectivity properties of a metal... 

Because it is insensitive to light scattering and light reflection properties of the sample (these features may reduce the light absorption and reduce the signal amplitude), this technique can be used to study the samples that cannot be studied by conventional spectroscopic methods. 

Difference in optical properties can be used as the basis to separate solids in a mixture. Optic properties include color, light reflectance, opacity, and fluorescence excited by ultraviolet rays or x-rays. Differences in elec trical conductance can also be used for separation. With appropriate sensing, the particles in a moving stream can be sorted by using an air jet or other means to deflect certain particles away from the mainstream (Fig. 19-10). The lower limit of particle size is about... 

The indirect methods discussed thus far have dealt with measurement of color only as it can be correlated with physical characteristics of materials and the effect of these materials on radiant energy. As has been pointed out, the reflectance spectro-photometric curve describes a property of the material. A change in the reflectance spectrophotometric properties may not always result in a change in visual color. The reason is that color of the object is not an unchangeable characteristic of the object itself, dependent only upon these reflectance properties, but is also dependent upon the quality of the illuminating light and the sensitivity of the observer s eye. Thus the measurement and description of visual color are psychophysical problems... 

PIV has become the most popular technique to measure velocity and turbulent properties (Figure 15.1). The movement of seed particles in a millimeter-thick laser sheet is measured by correlating two photos taken a few milliseconds apart. With two cameras, it is also possible to obtain a 3D vector of the velocity in that plane. The method gives, in general, very good resolution of the flow, but it requires optical access. Also, measurement close to walls can be problematic due to light reflections that disturb the measurements. One extension of PIV is the micro-PIV that uses fluorescent tracer particles, which allows all direct light, for example, reflections at the walls, to be filtered out [1]. 

Brewster-angle microscopy dispensed with the need for a probe molecule [41,42], Brewster-angle microscopy is based solely on the reflectivity properties of p-polarized light. The reflectance of p-polarized light at the water-air interface vanishes at 53.1° (using refractive indices at 20°C) if the interface is perfectly sharp in reality there is a deep minimum near zero. The presence of a monolayer gives an intervening layer of different re-... 

Dichroic Class. Dichroism is the property of some materials to exhibit two different colors one when the material is viewed with light reflected from them, the other when viewing light transmitted through them. Several ancient... 

Freely suspended films provide a perfect homeotropic alignment of smectic LCs since the layers always orient parallel to the LC/air interface.33 The director structure in such films can then be determined by analyzing the optical properties of plane-polarized light reflected from the surface of the films at a slightly oblique angle.34 The technique gains additional power when electrodes are added to the setup, allowing observation of the behavior of the films in the presence of an electric field parallel to the plane of the film.35... 

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