Cadmium caused

The major harmful impurity is iron, and by keeping the iron content to less than 15p.p.m. it became possible to produce perfectly satisfactory anodes of zinc d . Alternatively the effect of the iron can be neutralised by alloying the zinc with certain metals, among which aluminium and silicon or cadmium have been found to be particularly effective. The presence of cadmium causes the corrosion product to fall away evenly, leaving an active surface (see Section 10.2). 

In his early work Pedersen investigated crown ether complexation by UV spectroscopy. He reported that complexation caused a shift in the absorption maximum of dibenzo[18]crown-6 of about 6 nm to a longer wavelength (B-78MI52101). The test was not totally reliable as cadmium caused no change in the spectrum yet gave a crystalline complex. In general, however, UV-visible spectroscopy is of limited use in the study of macrocyclic complexes. 

Sweden s restrictions on cadmium provide another example of justifiable precaution. Elevated cadmium levels in crops become a human health risk because ingested cadmium causes a progressive accumulation of the metal in the kidney cortex, eventually causing tissue damage. The success of the Swedish restrictions was measured as reversals in the progressive build-up of the metal in the environment.16... 

There seems to be a critical level of cadmium in the kidney when the kidney metallothionein is saturated and the free cadmium causes toxicity. The damage to the kidney occurs in the first and second segments of the proximal tubule. This can be detected biochemically as glucose, amino acids, and protein in urine. The proteins are predominantly of... 

Thus, cadmium causes multi-organ toxicity, and at least some of the toxic effects are due to it being a divalent metal similar to zinc and able to bind to sulfydryl groups. 

Surface modification can also promote different photoluminescence responses to chemical species present in the environment. Li et al.48 synthesized water-soluble luminescent thiol-capped CdTe QDs and nanorods and investigated the effect of divalent metal ions on their photoluminescence behavior. They found that the trends of photoluminescence changes were almost similar for both, CdTe QDs and nanorods. Moreover, zinc ions enhanced the luminescence emission of the QDs while other metal ions (e.g., calcium, magnesium, manganese, nickel, and cadmium) caused luminescence quenching. 

Stromeyer analyzed the odd yellow zinc carbonate. What he discovered was a new element—cadmium. The cadmium caused the zinc carbonate to turn yellow when heated. The name cadmium comes from the ancient term for zinc oxide, cadmia. Zinc oxide is still available in pharmacies today. It is sold under the name of calamine lotion. Calamine lotion is a popular remedy for stopping the itch of sunburn or bug bites. 

Low levels of cadmium cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Inhaled, cadmium dust causes dryness of the throat, choking, headache, and pneumonia-like symptoms. 

It is known, that chloride cadmium causes selective defeat of vessels of testicle, and also infringement of permeability of other structures which are carrying out function of testicular barrier. 

Exposure to cadmium caused a significant reduction of GST activity in ovaries of C. brunneus from Tychy. For testes this was observed in insects kept on leaves with the highest concentration of cadmium. The response of insects from Szopienice was different, since a slight increase of GST activity has been indicated for testes with lack of significant changes in GST activity in ovaries (Fig. 1). 

There are also concerns that cadmium causes cancer in humans, although this is not completely proven. 

Like that of other nutrients, the cycle of cadmium in the oceans is thus dominated by (i) a downward flux of particulate cadmium caused by sinking... 

The inhalation of cadmium dust can lead to respiratory tract and kidney problems, which may be fatal. Also ingesting large amounts of cadmium causes liver and kidney damage. 

Heavy metals used to cause chronic diseases, often deposited along the marginal gingiva. Improved work safety standards have made these types of chronic intoxication rare in the industrialized world but, in earlier times, lead, silver, bismuth, tin and cadmium caused oral problems. The discoloration may result from either metallic deposition within the skin itself or stimulation of melanin synthesis (Bleehen et al. 1992). 

Inhalation of the fume of some metal oxides such as zinc, copper, magnesium and cadmium causes an influenza-like disease. Similar effects may follow the inhalation of polytetrafluoroethylene (ptfe) fumes. Usually there is recovery within one or two days with the exception of that due to cadmium fumes. Zinc fume fever is probably a very common disease, the diagnosis of which is often missed because of the short duration of the illness. 

Polyorgano giloxanes Copper, lead, nickel, zinc, iron, and cadmium cause thermal degradation of the polymer-elevated temperature [101-110]. 

Dudley RE, Klaassen CD (1984) Changes in hepatic glutathione concentration modify cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 72 530-538 Dudley RE, Svoboda DJ, Klaassen CD (1982) Acute exposure to cadmium causes severe liver injury in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 65 302-313 Dudley RE, Gammal LM, Klaassen CD (1985) Cadmium-induced hepatic and renal injury in chronically exposed rats likely role of hepatic cadmium-metallothionein in nephrotoxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 77 414-426 Dunphy B (1967) Acute occupational cadmium poisoning a critical review of the literature. J Occup Med 9 22-26... 

A widely used industrial metal which may get into air, food and water and ultimately into the human body where it may have toxic effects. It appears that regions which have high levels of cadmium in the environment are likely to have greater than normal incidences of high blood pressure because cadmium causes damage to the kidneys. Fortunately, certain dietary minerals, such as selenium and zinc, may counteract the effects of cadmium. 

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