Cadmium naming

Chelates are often named merely as a complex, eg, cadmium complex with acetylacetone. A common practice ia the Hterature is to give the symbol of the central atom and an abbreviation for the ligand with or without an iadication of ionic charges, oxidation states, stmcture, or counterions, as ia the foUowiag Pb-EDTA, Cacit , Cu(en)2, Co(II)-(phen), [Cu(dipy)2]S04, [Ru(dipy)2(en)], and Na[Co(acac)2]. Ligand abbreviations are given ia Table 1. 

In a similar process, potassium benzoate heated with cadmium salts dispropor-tionates to benzene and 44. The term Henkel reaction (named for the company that... 

In 1899, the nickel-cadmium battery, the first alkaline battery, was invented by a Swedish scientist named Waldmar Jungner. The special feature of this battery was its potential to be recharged. In construction, nickel and cadmium electrodes in a potassium hydroxide solution, it was the first battery to use an alkaline electrolyte. This battery was commercialized in Sweden in 1910 and reached the Unites States in 1946. The first models were robust and had significantly better energy density than lead-acid batteries, but nevertheless, their wide use was limited because of the high costs. 

Name from cadmia (Latin = calamine), a zinc ore in which cadmium occurs... 

The first complex exhibiting 7r-coordination of a Cp ligand to a Cd(ll) center in the solid state, namely, [Cp2Cd-tmeda] 196, has been recently isolated and structurally characterized (Figure 33).254 Both Cp rings interact with the cadmium center in an -fashion with Cd-C distances ranging from 2.34 to 2.74A. 

What is essential in establishing traceability is that the measurand is specified unambiguously. This may be, e.g. in terms of extractable cadmium from soil by using a named acid mix or the concentration of a metal in a particular oxidation state, e.g. Fe(n) or Fe(m). The units used to report the result should also be known and acceptable SI units are preferred. The method used will be validated and if used in accordance with the written procedures should produce results that are fit for purpose . The class of glassware to be used will be specified in the method procedure, e.g. Class A pipettes and volumetric flasks, as these are manufactured to a specified tolerance. Instruments will be regularly calibrated and their performance verified daily. In terms of the chemicals used, these will... 

CFB (1) [Chemische Fabrik Budenheim] A process for removing cadmium from phosphoric acid by extracting with a solution of a long-chain amine in a hydrocarbon. Developed and operated by the German company of that name. 

The most severe form of chronic cadmium (Cd) poisoning caused by prolonged oral Cd ingestion is Itai-itai disease, which developed in numerous inhabitants of the Jinzu River basin in Toyama Prefecture, Japan in the 1950s (Figure 20.7). For the first time, cadmium pollution was shown to have severe consequences on human health, particularly in women. The most important effects were softening of the bones and kidney failure. The name of the disease is derived from the painful screams (Japanese /to/) caused by the severe pain in the... 

Cadmium (Cd, [K.r]4<7105.s 2), name and symbol from the Latin word cadmia and Greek word mfpeoia, both with the same meaning, calamine (ZnC03). Discovered (1817, Germany) by F. Stromeyer. 

When we look at biological systems, the problem of re-release is particularly critical. In wastewater treatment Nitrogen control and Phosphorous control have been identified as critical elements in preventing algal blooms downstream from wastewater treatment plants. Part of the problem in designing the wastewater process is control of the re-release of these compounds. Nitrogen can be reduced back to a gas, but Phosphorous has to be treated by precipitation to remove it Irom the wastewater stream. The same is true for almost any of the heavy toxic metals such as Arsenic, Lead, Copper, Uranium, and Cadmium to name a few. Safe to say, this is also a common problem with phyto-remediation systems. 

Cadmium - the atomic number is 48 and the ehemical symbol is Cd. The name derives from the Greek kadmeia for calamine (zinc carbonate) with which it was found as an impurity in nature. Kadmeia was also the name of the fortress of Thebes, a city in the Boeottia region of central Greece. The fortress was named after its founder, Cadmus, who was the son of the Phoenician king, Agenor, and brother of Europ and would be a possible source for the name of the ore. The element was discovered and first isolated by the German physician Friedrich Stromeyer in 1817. 

ORIGIN OF NAME The word cadmium is from the Latin word cadmia or the Greek word kadmeia, meaning the zinc oxide ore "calamine" that contains the element cadmium. 

In a letter to the Annals of Philosophy, dated Cambridge, February 18, 1820, Edward Daniel Clarke wrote as follows Some varieties of radiated blende from Przibram in Bohemia are described by Stromeyer as containing two or three per cent of cadmium. At a sale. .. in London, I procured specimens of the particular mineral thus alluded to, which were sold under the name of splendent fibrous blende from Przibram, pronounced Pritzbram. I found afterwards that they had been brought to England by Mr. J. Sowerby of Lisle-street, a dealer in minerals.. . . Upon my return to Cambridge, I endeavoured to obtain cadmium from this ore, and succeeded. . . (133). Clarke also found this element in die zinc silicate from Derbyshire, England, and his results were soon confirmed by W. H. Wollaston and J. G. Children. In 1822 Clarke published a paper on the presence of cadmium in commercial sheet zinc (134). 

Cadmium bromide unites with ammonia, forming three compounds, namely, diammino-cadmium bromide, [Cd(NH3)2]Br2 triammino-cadmium bromide, [Cd(NH3)3]Br2 and tetrammino-cadmium bromide, [Cd(NH3)4]Br2. These correspond in chemical behaviour to the ammino-ehlorides. 

Compound Name Cadmium Nitrate Cadmium Oxide Cadmium Sulfate Cyclohexanone Peroxide DI-(p-Chlorobenzoyl) Peroxide Tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide Aluminum Sulfate Calcium Phosphate Calcium Resinate... 

In a similar process, potassium benzoate heated with cadmium salts disproportionates to benzene and 43. The term Henkel reaction (named for the company that patented the process) is used for these rearrangements.451 An SeI mechanism has been suggested.452 The ter-phthalate is the main product because it crystallizes from the reaction mixture, driving the equilibrium in that direction.453... 

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