Yeast hydrolysate

Yeast hydrolysate Potassium Phosphorous Magnesium sulphate Iron... 

The most important of the aforementioned flavour-enhancing nucleotides are inosine 5 -monophosphate (IMP) and guanosine 5 -monophosphate (GMP), of which about 2,000 and 1,000 t year are produced by biotechnological processes worldwide [22] and which are used as their disodium salts. The nucleotides contribute to the flavour-enhancing effect brought into food by yeast hydrolysates. Diflerent biotechnological strategies have been developed for the production of pure nucleotides ... 

Index Entries Ethanol Saccharomyces yeasts hydrolysate corn stover corn fiber xylose glucose glycerol xylitol. 

The new media that are commercially available possess many distinct characteristics some are completely free of animal-derived components, others are serum-free, sometimes requiring addition of some protein fraction or containing a discrete quantity of proteins. Another class is protein-free media, which can include components derived from animals, plants, or yeast hydrolysates. In some cases, the development of novel media is unnecessary, as it is sufficient to supplement basal medium with a few known specific components. It is emphasized that the final osmolality of the formulated medium should be compatible with cellular tolerance, as discussed in Chapter 2. 

Sung YH, Lim SW, Chung JY, Lee GM (2004), Yeast hydrolysate as a low-cost additive to serum-free medium for the production of human thrombopoietin in suspension cultures of Chinese hamster ovary cells, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 63 527-536. 

Maltose a-D-glucose + a-D-glucose a(1 -+4) Germinating cereal and malt Forms osazone with phenylhydrazme. Fermentable by enzyme maltase present in yeast. Hydrolysed to two molecules of D-glucose. Undergoes mutarotation. 

Enzymes could also be used to modify insoluble biopolymers and this is very important to the food industry. Examples include pectinase use in fruit juice and nectar production, food (e.g., fish, meat, and plant) protein hydrolyses, the production of yeast hydrolysates, the hydrolysis and recovery of proteins from by-product sludges, the recovery of meat scraps from bones... 

CAS 100684-36-4 EINECS/ELINCS 309-709-2 Synonyms Protein hydrolysates, yeast Yeast hydrolysate... 

Yeast hydrolysate. See Hydrolyzed yeast Yeast Lactase L-50,000. See 3-Galactosidase Yeast phytosphingosine. See Phytosphingosine Yeast polysaccharides... 

Jiang M, Chen K, Liu Z, Wei P, Ying H, Chang H. (2010). Succinic acid production by Actinobacillus succinogenes using spent brewer s yeast hydrolysate as a nitrogen source. Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 160, 244-254. 

Candida utilis is grown on sulfite waste Hquor in Western Europe and North America, on sugar cane molasses in Cuba and Taiwan and on ceUulose acid hydrolysates in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. C. ///i/if utilizes hexoses, pentoses, and many organic acids. Sulfite Hquor from hardwoods contains 2—3% fermentable sugars of which 20% are hexoses and 80% pentoses in softwood Hquors the proportions are reversed. The SO2 must be stripped out to allow yeast growth, which is carried out in large, highly-aerated fermentors. Eor continuous fermentations, carried out at pH 4 and 30°C, the dilution rate is 0.27—0.30 (34). 

Rustler, S. and Stolz, A. (2007) Isolation and characterization of a nitrile-hydrolysing acidotolerant black yeast, Exophiala oligosperma Rl. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 75, 899-908. 

At this point Fischer concluded that the enzymes, in terms of the configurations of the substrates, are as fastidious as yeast and other organisms. He then returned to the above-mentioned hypothesis that he and Thierfelder had proposed (30) and concluded (32) that the protein substances known as invertin and emulsin, like the substrates whose hydrolyses they effected, were asymmetrically formed molecules. On the basis of this consideration, he came to the momentous lock and key concept for enzyme activity and commented as follows ... 

DKPs are simple and easy to obtain and are quite common by-products of synthetic, spontaneous, and biological formation pathways. DKP formation has been well documented as side reactions of solid-phase and solution-phase peptide synthesis. In addition, DKPs have been shown to be decomposition products of various peptides, proteins, and other commercial pharmaceuticals. Cyclic dipeptides were found to be present in solutions of human growth hormone, bradykinin, histerlin, and solutions of agents within the classes of penicillins and cephalosporins. " DKPs are also enzymatically synthesized in several protists and in members of the plant kingdom. Hydrolysates of proteins and polypeptides often contain these compounds and they are commonly isolated from yeasts, lichens, and fungi. ... 

The structure of mannose-rich polysaccharide core in GL4 is close to that of yeast mannan (from Saccharomyces cerevisiae), which was inactive for IL-6 induction in a human peripheral whole-blood cells test system. This fact suggests that not the mannose moieties but other components, such as the lipophilic moiety and/or phosphates, are important for the activity. The lipophilic products in HF-hydrolysate of GL4 were then analyzed. In addition to peaks corresponding to the known fatty acids (C16 0, C18 1), two other unknown ion peaks at m/z 330 and 356 were found by FAB-MS (data not shown). 

Lactose may be hydrolysed to glucose and galactose by enzymes (fi-galactosidases, commonly called lactase) or by adds. Commercial sources of / -galactosidase are moulds (especially Aspergillus spp.), the enzymes from which have acid pH optima, and yeasts (Kluyveromyces spp.) which produce enzymes with neutral pH optima. /S-Galactosidases were considered to have... 

The presence of tri- and tetrapolyphosphatase activities in purified E. coli pyrophosphatase raised the question of whether these were properties of the same protein or of contaminating enzymes. For example, yeast inorganic pyrophosphatase does not act upon P3ji (55) there is a separate tripolyphosphatase in that organism (56). Three lines of evidence indicate that hydrolyses of PP, P3il, and P4,i are catalyzed by the same E. coli protein ... 

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