Actinobacillus succinogenes

SA producer Advantages Disadvantages Commonalities in the metabolic engineering strategies 

Rumen bacteria Excellent SA Not well-established Removal of 

succiniciproducens. (titer, yield. genetic engineering production 

succiniciproducens) COj-fixing anaploretic pathway SA is formed as an end-product Simple anaerobic fermentation Auxotrophies redox balance Broad (or cheap) substrate utilization Fermentation at low pH for decreasing downstream costs SA tolerance 

In addition, use of reduced sugars such as mannitol, or supplementation of an electron donor hydrogen, significantly enhanced the production of SA [16]. 

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Saccharomyces cerevisiae Actinobacillus succinogenes during wine fermentation Anaerobiospirulum succiniciproducens... 

Succinic Acid Production from Cheese Whey using Actinobacillus succinogenes 130 Z... 

Actinobacillus succinogenes ATCC Anaerobic batch process in complex medium 1.26 897 12 368 (773) 0.18 Guettler et al. (1996)... 

Three important natural succinate producers, Actinobacillus succinogenes, Mannheimia succiniciproducens, and Basfia succiniciproducens, all members of the Pasteurellaceae family within the y-proteobacteria, were isolated from mmen contents (Guettler et al., 1999 Lee et al., 2002 Kuhnert et al., 2010). All three species are capnophilic (thrive in the presence of high concentrations of carbon dioxide), facultative anaerobic bacteria which share a similar fermentative metabolism resulting in the production of succinate as major product accompanied by pyruvate dissimilation to lactate, acetate, formate, and in some cases to ethanol as minor products. 

Borges ER, Pereira N Jr. (2011). Succinic acid production from sugarcane bagasse hemi-ceUulose hydrolysate by Actinobacillus succinogenes. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol, 38, 1001-1011. 

Chen K, Jiang M, WeiP, Yao J, Wu H. (2010). Succinic acid production from acid hydrolysate of corn fiber by Actinobacillus succinogenes. Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 160, 477-4 85. 

Chen KQ, Li J, Ma JF, Jiang M, Wei P, Liu ZM, Ying HJ. (2011). Succinic acid production by Actinobacillus succinogenes using hydrolysates of spent yeast cells and corn fiber. Bioresource Technol, 102,1704—1708. 

Guettler MV, Rumler D, Jain MK. (1999). Actinobacillus succinogenes sp. nov., a novel succinic-acid-producing strain from the bovine rumen. Int J Syst Bacteriol, 49, 207-216. 

Kim P, Laivenieks M, McKinlay J, Vieille C, Gregory Zeikus J. (2004b). Construction of a shuttle vector for the overexpression of recombinant proteins in Actinobacillus succinogenes. Plasmid, 51, 108-115. 

Kim P, Laivenieks M, Vieille C, Zeikus JG. (2004c). Effect of overexpression of Actinobacillus succinogenes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase on succinate production in Escherichia coli. Appl Environ Microbiol, 70, 1238-1241. 

Liu YP, Zheng P, Sun ZH, Ni Y, Dong JJ, Zhu LL. (2008). Economical succinic acid production from cane molasses hy Actinobacillus succinogenes. Bioresource Technol, 99,1736-1742. 

McKinlay JB, Vieille C. (2008). C-metabolic flux analysis of Actinobacillus succinogenes fermentative metabolism at different NaHCOj and Hj concentrations. Metab Eng, 10, 55-68. 

McKinlay JB, Zeikus JG, Vieille C. (2005). Insights mio Actinobacillus succinogenes fermentative metabolism in a chemically defined growth medium. Appl Environ Microbiol, 71, 6651-6656. 

McKinlay JB, Laivenieks M, Schindler BD, McKinlay AA, Siddaramappa S, Challacombe JF, Lowry SR, Clum A, Lapidus AL, Burkhart KB, Harkins V, Vieille C. (2010). A genomic perspective on the potential of Actinobacillus succinogenes for industrial succinate production. BMC Genomics, 11, 680. 

Wan C, Li Y, Shahbazi A, Xiu S. (2008). Succinic acid production from cheese whey using Actinobacillus succinogenes 3(fL. Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 145, 111-119. 

Ye GZ, Jiang M, Li J, Chen KQ, Xi YL, Liu SW, Wei P, Ouyang PK. (2010). Isolation of NH4+-tolerant mutants of Actinobacillus succinogenes for succinic acid production by continuous selection. J Microbiol Biotechnol, 20, 1219-1925. 

Yu J, Li Z, Ye Q, Yang Y, Chen S. (2010). Development of succinic acid production from corncob hydrolysate hy Actinobacillus succinogenes. J IndMicrobiol Biotechnol, 37,1033-1040. 

Zheng P, Dong JJ, SunZH, Ni Y, FangL. (2009). Fermentative production of succinic acid from straw hydrolysate hy Actinobacillus succinogenes. Bioresource Technol, 100, 2425-2429. 

Corn stover Diluted alkaline 10.5% WIS Actinobacillus succinogenes No Succinic acid SSE Batch... 

The production of SA was studied with entrapped and adsorbed Actinobacillus succinogenes on varied supports (e.g., diatomite or zeolite, approx. 12.6 mg/g support) [136], Higher productivities in SA were achieved with A. succinogenes entrapped in agar beads. After 5 cycles (72 h) repeated batch fermentations with immobilized cells in agar, the production of SA was 107 g/L. These approaches reduced significantly the fermentation time and improved the process yield, productivity, and final concentration in SA [136]. 

Park DH, Zeikus JG (1999) Utilization of electrically reduced neutral Red by Actinobacillus succinogenes physiological function of neutral red in membrane-driven fumarate reduction and energy conservation. J Bacteriol 181(8) 2403-2410... 

Figure 17.1 Anaerobic metabolic pathways involved in SA production in wild-type Actinobacillus succinogenes. PEP, phos-phoenolpyruvate OAA, oxaloacetate MAL, malate FUM, fumarate ICT, IsocItrate CIT, citrate acetyl-P, acetyl-phosphate pck, PEP carboxykinase QOH, menaquinol Idh, lactate dehydrogenase pfi, pyruvate formatelyase ...

Table 17.2 Summary of SA production performance by Actinobacillus succinogenes.

Urbance, S.E., Pometto, A.L. Ill, DiSpirito, A.A., and Denli, Y. (2004) Evaluation of succinic acid continuous and repeat-batch biofilm fermentation by Actinobacillus succinogenes using plastic composite support bioreactors. Appl. Microbiol Biotechnol, 65, 664-670. 

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