Yeasts extracts, hydrolyzed

Yeast extract, hydrolyzed vegetable protein (HVP), and hydrolyzed plant protein (HPP) as natural additives are a way in which manufacturers include MSG without having to declare it on the label and for this reason they are a health threat created by hidden allergens. Baker s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), yeast preparation, and yeast extract which are widely used by the food industry as flavoring in, for example, powdered and readymade sauces and soups can develop multiple anaphylactic reactions after ingestion in mold-allergic patients (Airola et al. 2006). 

Fe" (2 ppm), casein hydrolyzate (0.2 g/dl), yeast extract (0.2 g/dl), corn steep liquor (0.2 ml/dl), polypeptone (0.1 g/dl), meat extract (0.1 g/dl) and sodium ribonucleate (10 mg/dl) were poured into respective test tubes and each tube was sterilized at 115°C for 10 minutes. Thereafter separately sterilized calcium carbonate was added in the amount of 2 g/dl and then cells of Bacillus subtUis S26910 were Inoculated into the above media and cultured with shaking at 30°C for 20 hours. 

Nitrogen sources include proteins, such as casein, zein, lactalbumin protein hydrolyzates such proteoses, peptones, peptides, and commercially available materials, such as N-Z Amine which is understood to be a casein hydrolyzate also corn steep liquor, soybean meal, gluten, cottonseed meal, fish meal, meat extracts, stick liquor, liver cake, yeast extracts and distillers solubles amino acids, urea, ammonium and nitrate salts. Such inorganic elements as sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium and chlorides, sulfates, phosphates and combinations of these anions and cations in the form of mineral salts may be advantageously used in the fermentation. 

Fischer performed a few experiments with the natural disaccharide trehalose. It does not react with phenylhydrazine. A diastase from. green malt has no action on it Froliberg yeast has a weak action (1895). Carp blood hydrolyzes it rapidly, in contrast to the blood of other fishes. Extracts of the mucous membrane from the small intestines of horses and cattle are also active (1906). A. Kalanther, in Fischer s laboratory, found, in 1898. that wine yeasts also hydrolyze this disaccharide. 

Cellobiose and its /3-glycosides were hydrolyzed to glucose by emulsin. Cellobiosone and hydrocellobial were also cleaved by this enzyme. Extracts of AspergiUus niger and Kefir (a Caucasian micro-organism that ferments milk) hydrolyzed cellobiose yeast extract was inactive. 

Streptomyces sp. NRRL 1143 Bacto yeast extract Enzyme hydrolyzed casein... 

Efficient carbon and nitrogen sources for the production of DOD from triolein were glucose, galactose, fructose, and yeast extract, respectively. Under optimized conditions, the maximum yield of DOD production represented 66% of substrate. These results demonstrated that natural vegetable oils, without being intentionally hydrolyzed, could be used as efficient substrates for the microbial production of value-added hydroxy fatty acids by PR3. 

A common problem associated with rupture of yeast cells and protein extraction is proteolysis. Yeast cells contain a full complement of intracellular proteolytic enzymes which may be liberated after the cells are broken either by autolysis or by mechanical disruption. These liberated proteolytic enzymes, unless inactivated during the isolation and purification of yeast proteins, hydrolyze the proteins causing poor yields of intact protein (55, 69,70). 

Other suitable nitrogen sources are soybean meal, peanut meal, bean meal, lentil meal, pea meal, potato meal, hydrolyzed casein, yeast extract, corn-steep liquor and the like. 

Liquid adaptation was performed by growing cells overnight in the filter-sterilized com stover hydrolyzate. Solid agar adaptation was performed by growing cells on agar plates containing 10 g/L yeast extract, 20 g/L peptone, 20 g/L agar, and com stover hydrolyzate. 

Keywords Debaryomyces hansenii Biomass Single-cell protein Hemicellulosic hydrolyzate Brewery s spent grains Agro-industrial residues upgrading Yeast extract... 

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