Sludge production

Biochemical processes, such as fermentation, oxidation of sludges, production of proteins, biochemical oxidations, and so on... 

A definitive determination of the waste sludge production and the oxygen requirement can be obtained using the pseudo constants referred to previously. The ultimate BOD in the waste will be accounted for by the sum of the oxidation and sludge synthesis (Eq. 25-20). 

The process of heating water usually produces sludge and sediments (primarily noncrystalline precipitated salts) in the boiler s waterside dmms and tubes. (Sludge production may be deliberately encouraged in certain forms of internal water treatment programs.)... 

It is difficult to manage the problem of high sludge production in lower pressure boilers where precipitation programs, especially carbonate conditioning, are used because it has a knock-on effect resulting in condensate line corrosion. The answer is always to install a water softener. The payback time is very short because of the reduced BD necessary as a result of decreased sludge production. 

Recently, anaerobic filter process has been widely used for the treatment of various waste-waters because of several advantages over aerobic process such as lower nutrient requirement, less surplus sludge production, and energy recovery via methane production [1]. Although many types of anaerobic filter process have already been successfully commercialized, the details of their complicated process dynamics are still challenging issues to be clarified for their stable operations. 

Use deionized water instead of tap water in process baths or rinsing operations to reduce chemical reactions with impurities in the tap water, which would increase sludge production. 

Country Sludge production Sludge used in agriculture PCDD/Fs (g TEQ) release to land ... 

Decreasing levels in sludge has been reported in several European countries since nineties16 17 18. But we can expect the growing amounts of sludge production after introducing the European Community Directive (COM 91/271) on wastewater treatment, requires the installation of treatment systems in all towns with over 2000 inhabitants before 2005. The need to monitor PCDD/Fs loads from this source remains. 

Table 10.7 Paper and board sludge production and composition.

Source J.G. Roberts and P.W.W. Kirk, Paper Mill Sludge Production in the NW of England , Environ. Technol. Lett., 1980, 1, 474-483). 

JOHNSTONE, D.W.M. (1984). Oxygen requirements, energy consumption and sludge production in extended aeration plants. Water Pollut. Control 83, 100-115. 

Low sludge production. AD produces 5 to 10 times least sludge than classical aerobic treatment which reduces considerably its maintenance costs. 

Table 1 shows the performance of fixed bed type process, in application to various wastewaters. The merit of this process is stability in ability of phosphate removal and low sludge production. Sludge production of this process is from 1/5 to 1/10 lower than that of the conventional flocculation and sedimentation process. 

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