Written Budget

The safety and health professional who develops a responsible budget that looks for ways to control cost and maintain or improve the company s bottom line will be viewed as a part of the team and not just a necessary evil. 

There is always a degree of inaccuracy in any budget. Prevent cost overruns if possible since overruns almost always have detrimental effects. Make sure that you use the most qualified person to develop the OSH budget. Remember that there will always be budget expenditure and issues beyond your control since actual cost may not be the same as planned cost. Link budget elements to accomplishments, milestones, needs, and compliance. Provide as much substance as possible to your 

Budget action item . Projected start date  

Projected completion date Projected total cost  

As you must know by now there are many common threads that run through the chapters within this book. First, management is ultimately accountable and responsible for its workforce s safety and health on the job. A key to an effective safety and health effort is the implementation of the many facets of management techniques for safety and health, the least of which is planning and an organized approach. It is imperative that you must identify your problem areas (hazards) and make an honest effort to address them or control them in some way. 

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Loss potential from not performing the action item The Written Budget... 

When it is time to develop a written budget, it is important to identify operating cost, potential benefits such as direct benefits (e.g., reduced labor cost, lower accidents, reduced insurance cost, or productivity gains). Indirect benefits should also be considered in light of quality improvanents— reduced scrap less rework reduced product liability, exposure, or produa recall expenses improved corporate image or inaeased market share. At times, indirect benefits are improved anployee morale, which reduces absenteeism and turnover or increases teamwork and ownership. The potential reduction in the numbers of compliance penalties can be a benefit. 

Cut through the complexities Work the system in your favour Don t pay a penny more than you have to Written for anyone who has to deal with personal tax, this up-to-date and concise new handbook includes all the important changes in this year s budget. 

From the work breakdown structure (WBS), specifications can be written for each task of the project. Specifications include all relevant requirements to meet the project s quality dimension - materials to be used, standards to be met, tests to be performed, etc. Use extreme care in writing specifications, because they become the controlling factor in meeting project performance standards, and directly affect both budget and schedule. 

This plan is in the approval process at the time this paper was written. The total R D budget request was about 50 million and can be broken down amongst the operating divisions as shown in Table I. 

Once the uncertainty components have been identified and quantified as standard uncertainties, the remainder of the procedure to estimate uncertainty is a somewhat complicated but mostly straightforward. Most software products on the market will perform this task. Otherwise, some spreadsheet manipulation or mathematics must be done to reach the uncertainty. The combined standard uncertainty of a result is obtained by mathematical manipulation of the standard uncertainties as part of the uncertainty budget. These standard uncertainties may also be combinations of other uncertainties, and so on, as the branches and sub-branches of the cause-and-effect diagram are worked through. A combined standard uncertainty of a quantity is written uc(y). 

The energy budget of a cooling white dwarf can be written as follows ... 

Similarly, the use of a failure analysis approach for unexpected changes in final product or in process controls markedly help both the analysis and documentation requirements at each step. Finally, the use of a written and continually revised process development document is most helpful. The early identification of data requirements, special studies, and comparability decisions for use in process planning is important, especially with budget constraints. 

Countless new publications on process safety have been written in the past five or six years. These new books have been written by independent, individual authors and various organizations such as the American Institute of Chemical Engineers Center for Chemical Process Safety. Very few individuals would have the time to read each new text. Certainly I don t have the time or budget. (The books listed below were skimmed through, read, or studied and found useful, but there may even be some books better than those listed here.)... 

The carbonate budget for the oceanic crust Fbas + Fpei can be written as... 

A mass balance is nothing more than an accounting of material. Material balances can be written for a specific component or they can account for all mass in a system. A simple analogy to a mass balance would be an analysis of a personal financial budget. The overall balance would evaluate the total money received and spent during the period of evaluation, monthly, for example. An analysis of a specific item would be equivalent to a component balance. For example, a certain amount of money would be budgeted for certain items such as food, utilities, entertainment, etc. Each of these represents one component of the overall balance. 

The second line of evidence comes from the time trends of some atmospheric species, mainly CO, and oxygen. Developing the oxygen budget of the atmosphere, which contains some problematic terms, is beyond the scope of this chapter. Briefly, the global, lojig-term budgets for O2/N2 and CO2 can be written schematically as... 

The alcohol industry has had some success in the past in pressuring federal agencies to minimize underage drinking prevention. In 1995, the National Beer Wholesalers Association successfully lobbied a House subcommittee to ehminate the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention s discretionary budget for grants and initiatives. According to an article written in the Wall Street Journal, a lobbyist for the National Beer Wholesalers Association said... 

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