Ethanol feedstock

Starch-containing plants Another potential ethanol feedstock is starch. Starch molecules are made up of long chains of glucose molecules. Hence, starch-containing materials can also be fermented after the starch molecules have been broken down into simple glucose molecules. Examples of starchy materials commonly used around the world for ethanol production include cereal grains, potatoes, sweet potatoes and cassava. Typical cereal grains commonly used for ethanol production in the EET are rye and wheat. 

Index Entries Biofuels renewable energy raisins ethanol feedstocks. 

We consider deciduous tree fruit production including peaches, plums, and nectarines. Between 1991 and 2000, California produced 664,000 t of tree fruit annually. The average annual cull rate is 25%, providing 166,000 t of potential ethanol feedstock. This feedstock would be available seasonally from May through October. 

The market price of whey used as animal feed is 340/1 (7). As with almond hulls, it may be possible to utilize the sugar in whey for ethanol production, while enabling the protein in the byproduct to be used for animal feed. Hence, the net feedstock cost of whey in ethanol production may be less than 340/t of whey. Further research on the potential of expanding the use of whey as an ethanol feedstock would be helpful in evaluating the viability of this alternative. 

The catalytic dehydration of ethanol to ethylene in SC water may be commercially important (16). Although high quality commercial alumina catalysts exist for the vapor phase dehydration of ethanol, the commercial processes require the ethanol feedstock to be relatively free of water. Hence the ethanol must be distilled from the ethanol-water mixture which is the product of fermentation processes. By avoiding this distillation step, and securing phase separation of the ethylene product from the ethanol-water reactant, SC dehydration of ethanol could enjoy advantages over existing commercial technologies. 

Ethanol Feedstock Costs (Canadian I), for Upper and Lower Values of Jerusalem Artichoke Tuber and Tops Yield Ranges, for Different Land Prices in Western Canada and Quebec, Given a Conversion Factor of Biomass to Ethanol of 100 I t-1... 

Ethanol Feedstock Costs (Canadian I) for Lower, Middle, and Upper Values of Tuber Yield Range, and Increasing Ethanol Conversion Factors (I t-1 tubers), Given a Land Price of 2,500 ha-1 in Quebec... 

Because water is a product and the recycle ethanol will be wet, the ethanol feedstock need not be the highest grade, but instead the easier to produce hydrous ethanol (95% ethanol). If the reaction temperature is low, there should be no contamination from acetylene, which is a problem with higher temperature routes. 

Issues Related to Measuring Energy Value of Corn Stover as an Ethanol Feedstock... 

In Brazil, for similar reasons, the Dow Chemical Company and Mitsui Co Ltd are engaging in a 50/50 joint venture to cultivate sugarcane for the production of ethanol and subsequently ethylene. Initially a 350 000 tons ethanol production unit is planned, eventually leading to polyethylene production by 2015. This will take about 120 000 hectares of sugar cane aimed at providing a cheaper and less economically volatile ethanol feedstock (see http //www.biofuelsdigest.eom/bdigest/2012/03/22/dow-mitsui-to-finalize-brazilian-bio-based-polyethylene-jv/, accessed 8 July 2013). 

Madson PW, editor. Fuel ethanol feedstock challenges. The Montana symposium energy future of... 

Persson, T., Garcia y Garcia, A., Paz, J., Jones, J., Hoogenboom, G. (2009). Maize ethanol feedstock production and net energy value as affected by climate variability and crop management practices. Agncittora/Syrfemj, 100, 11—21. 

World com production was about 38,065 million bushels in 2013-2014 marketing year. Com is mainly used as an animal feed, a food component and an ethanol feedstock (Anonymous 2014). Com oil is one of the co-products of the com seeds. Its capacity depends on the com production. Com oil production and consumption data show that the largest com oil producers and consumers are United States and China respectively. The recent increase in... 

The effect of membrane selectivity was further explored by Lim et al who compared membrane reactors with similar H2 permeance but with different H2 selectivity in the SR of an ethanol feedstock (Lim et al, 2010). The authors observed that the membrane with the highest H2/CH4 selectivity gave the largest enhancement in H2 yield over a packed bed reactor (23% as compared to 8%). However, they postulated that the effect would have been more significant if not for the modest H2 permeance of the membranes which was lower than the H2 production rate from the reforming reaction (i.e.,DaPe > 1). 

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