Worksite

In the Ha2ard Communication Standard, OSHA requires that all employees are trained in the ha2ards of the materials they are working with. This standard also requires that MSDSs be available for all ha2ardous chemicals at the worksite, accompany all shipments, and be sent to all customers. An... 

Waters While MIC-causing bacteria may arrive at the surface of their corrosion worksite by almost any transportation system, there is always water present to allow them to become ac tive and cause MIC to occur. There are plenty of examples of even superpure waters having sufficient microorganisms present to feed, divide, and multiply when even the smallest trace of a viable food-stuff is present (e.g., the so-called watei for injection in the pharmaceutical industiy has been the observed subject of extensive corrosion of pohshed stainless steel tanks, piping, and so on). 

Personal protective equipment Respiratory protection Gives workers direct access to worksite Increases worker exposure to hazard... 

HAZWOPER does not eover elerieal or support personnel, workers at the perimeter of a hazardous waste worksite, or workers engaged in eonstruetion aetivities in uneontaminated areas, provided they are not exposed, or have possibly been exposed, to hazards resulting from the operations. These workers would fall under the seope of other appropriate standards of praetiee that are more proteetive of health and safety [11-... 

Contractors and subcontractors are typically required by contract to be responsible for their own workers and should provide a level of oversight to meet all specifications. The primary contractor who is responsible for the worksite typically establishes the minimum requirements, controls access to the worksite, and verifies that subcontractors fulfill their health and safety duties and responsibilities. Wlien these specifications are defined, all contractors and subcontractors should meet or exceed these requirements, as appropriate. This could be based on the nature of the assigned tasks and associated hazards [2]. 

No matter if subcontractors are working for a general or main contractor or working directly for the client, when two or more prime contractors conduct activities at the same worksite, it is prudent that a common basis for health and safety rules and controls be established. Wlien one contractor performs an intrusive activity that increases the hazard level for all workers at a worksite, that information should be communicated to other contractors to permit them to plan and control their activities accordingly. 

Enforeing the requirements of the HASP. This may inelude performing daily safety inspeetions of the worksite. 

Once adopted, plans should be periodically reviewed (depending on the project) and evaluated for effectiveness and cost/benefit. If the scope of work or any worksite hazards change significantly or if lessons learned indicate a review, the plans should be revised promptly... 

The HASP, on the other hand, foeuses on the site-speeifie aetivities and outlines the appropriate elements of the site s existing health and safety program to the related task. The existing programs are reviewed to identify those elements meeting the needs of the planned site aetivity. Program elements and proeedures are supplemented with worksite-speeifie detail and tailored to meet speeial or unique aspeets of the hazardous waste aetivity on an as-needed basis [1]. 

Wlien a worksite includes both radiological and nonradiological hazards, the HASP should address both hazards. A site-specific HASP can supplement health and safety programs by providing site-specific and pertinent information, requirements, and strategies for each task. 

Each HASP should address only one worksite. Copies should be maintained at the worksite, readily accessible and placed in an appropriate location. A HASP should be developed prior to any preliminary worksite assessment. Information from this assessment can be used to modify the HASP to reflect subsequent worksite activities. In general, the HASP is based on hazard analyses and should be updated periodically to reflect the ever-changing worksite conditions and activities as the project progresses. 

Does eaeh worksite require a separate HASP, or ean one plan eover multiple worksites In general, eaeh HASP should address only one worksite. However, this is not a requirement. A situation eould arise in whieh it is deeided to use one HASP for multiple worksites. We believe that the approaeh used should depend on eonditions at the worksite. If worksites are similar, in near proximity to eaeh other, and aetivities are phased together, one HASP may be preferred. If worksites have enough diflferenees that need to be addressed in the HASP and these differenees eould eause eonfusion in the field, then more than one HASP should be developed. 

The HASP focuses on the specific tasks down to the worksite level and identifies job- and task-based hazards, exposure-monitoring requirements, hazard controls and approaches, requirements necessary to protect workers, and, sometimes, the name of the person responsible for a certain activity. 

Not all existing procedures or program elements of the overall health and safety program need to be incorporated into the HASP. For example, if noise is a hazard, the plan does not have to cite the entire hearing conservation program. Procedures already established elsewhere may be referenced, as applicable. In another example, if a confined-space-entry procedure is required, the HASP could reference the particular procedure which is part of the overall program. The next step would be to identify confined spaces at the worksite where the procedure applies, and then provide appropriate implementation procedures (e.g., conditions to be monitored, evaluation of the space, issuance of an entry permit). If special operational procedures apply to the worksite, they can be attached to the HASP using an appendix. 

Each worksite is different even though relative hazards may be similar. Wind direction, surface contamination, or neighboring properties that may contain contributing contamination may vary. The site description/background sections should give the workers enough information to perform their job safely without overkill. The simpler, smaller, and fewer hazards there are on site, the less background information will be necessary. 

Wlien establishing the exelusion zone, you should visually survey the worksite to review the following items ... 

Normal work elothes are appropriate for the support zone. PPE worn for the hazardous waste work should remain in the CRZ/C. At some point, this PPE will be deeontaminated or paekaged for transport and disposal or deeontamination. Separate support zone faeilities may not be needed where site faeilities are readily available and near to the worksite, and if elose eommunieation is maintained. Eor multiple hazardous waste operations eondueted in elose proximity, it is possible to design one support zone to serve several operations. This will depend on the logisties of the projeet. 

The names, number, and types of zones vary based on the aetivities at the worksite. The important thing to remember is that work zones are established to proteet the workers and the publie. Everyone on the site should understand the hazard(s) and eontrol(s) neeessary to support eaeh identified zone. Wind direetion was mentioned as an important eri-terion in ehoosing the support or elean zone. In most parts of the eountry, wind direetion ean be highly variable. If this is the ease at a given site, how should the support zone be handled The answer may vary based on the eonditions. 

In addition to the hazardous waste standards, there may be a variety of other standards that may apply to any worksite. One standard that seems to surprise PMs is the lead standard. Even projeets that are elean eonstruetion (not HAZWOPER or working with ehemieals) may eome under the lead standard. If new proeess equipment is being installed in an existing plant, any tie-ins, pipe raek, struetural members, and even walls may have been eovered with many layers of lead-based paint. 

Wlien the appropriate researeh has been eompleted, it is time to use the information to develop the site-speeifie safety plan. Keep in mind that this plan will provide the basis for proteetion of workers, visitors, and the publie. The plan defines health and safety hazards, eontrols, and requirements for individual aetivities at a speeifie worksite and provides doeumentation to help identify and eontrol health and safety hazards before fieldwork begins [1],... 

Ingestion Chemieals ean be ingested on the worksite by eating, drinking, or smoking. 

Each worksite may use various kinds of monitoring instrumentation to identify and measure levels of different types of hazards that may be present. These are discussed in greater detail in the next section. 

An outline of the medieal surveillanee program, as approved by the oeeupational health staff, should be ineorporated in, or appended to, the site-speeifie safety plan. Modifieations to the program should be based on the professional judgment of the oeeupational health physieian, in eonsultation with the health and safety professionals, and on the hazards of the speeifie worksite. 

Existing respiratory protection or hearing conservation programs can be referenced and integrated, as appropriate, into the site-specific medical surveillance program after worksite hazards have been considered. At some sites, workers are provided a fitness-for-duty card indicating their current medical status and the medical surveillance programs in which they participate [1]. 

Operations at hazardous waste activities worksites where use of a respirator due to potential radiological (as specified by Article 532 of the Draft DOE Radiological Control Technical Standard) or nonradio-logical exposure is recommended or required... 

Medieal surveillanee may need to address mueh more than the basie requirements in the HAZWOPER standard. Based on the presenee of hazards (sueh as lead, asbestos, and eareinogens), speeial types of medieal testing may be required. The oeeupational health physieian responsible for the medieal surveillanee program should work with the rest of the medieal surveillanee team to determine what forms of surveillanee are applieable for aetivities at eaeh worksite. 

Both emergeney and aeute, nonemergeney medieal treatment should be available at the worksite. The plan should be integrated with the overall site plan and the surrounding eommunity emergeney and disaster plan. In addition, input from and review by the oeeupational medieine physi-eian and health and safety personnel is invaluable for developing the medieal and emergeney preparedness portions of the plan. 

After the safety plan has been eompleted and approved by the management team, the most ehallenging part of the job needs to be addressed. It is, very simply, the exeeution proeess. Now that the plan is written we should make sure that all site work is performed in a safe manner. Worksite eontrols established in the plan should eome into play immediately when aetivities begin. It is essential that everyone at the worksite is aware of the eontents of the safety plan. To make sure that everyone is familiar with the safety plan eontents, everyone should be oriented before any work is performed. 

Although inspeeting the worksite is important for enforeement of important requirements, it is also a useful tool to help determine if the site orientation, the safety plan, or the safety program is eflfeetive. If newly oriented workers are out of eomplianee in eertain areas, this may indi-eate that the orientation needs to be reviewed and improved. 

Training for other activities such as deactivation and D D may not fall under the hazardous waste definition. As previously mentioned, the authors believe that, in many cases, applying hazardous waste principles based on a hazard-based approach will help to provide a safe worksite and add value to these activities. These activities may involve hazard abatement processes, such as chemical lab packing, asbestos, lead, mercury, or... 

The PM and SS should be aware that no single eombination of PPE ean guard against all hazards beeause every worksite is different and the degree of hazards (known or unknown) may vary day by day. The PPE ensemble probably will be required to ehange as work eontinues. 

If worksite hazards have been minimized through engineering and administrative eontrols, a management deeision to use respirators... 

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