Wind-effected phenomena

Local synoptic wind impacts also favor the intensification of the horizontal water exchange in the Black Sea. For example, they cause wind effected phenomena and formation of filaments of coastal upwellings and provide the separation of coastal anticyclones from the eastern coast (under northerly winds) or removal of the shelf waters to the deep-water basin by anticyclones over the northwestern continental slope (under westerly winds). 

Fig. 10 Wind effected phenomena derived from MODIS/Terra images (a) 1-4 June 2007 (north windl, (b) 4-8 June 2007 (south wind), (c) 1-3 October 2007 (north-eastern wind). 1 - part of coastal zone area flooded under high level of the surge 2 - part of coastal zone area free of water under low level of the surge 3 - water surface 4 - land...

In 1994, a unique incident occurred the impact of the Shoemaker-Levy comet on the Jovian atmosphere. Die strong gravitational field of Jupiter caused the comet to break up before it could enter the atmosphere, and the parts of the comet crashed separately into the atmosphere one after the other. This unique spectacle was observed by many observatories and also by the Galileo spacecraft and the Hubble telescope. It led to the discovery of yet another phenomenon the most intensive aurora effects in the solar system, observed at Jupiter s poles. Astronomers assume that the energy for these comes from the planet s rotation, possibly with a contribution from the solar wind. This process differs from that of the origin of the aurora on Earth, where the phenomenon is caused by interactions between the solar wind and the Earth s magnetic field. 

Newly investigated pollen allelopathy could effectively reduce the reproductive ability of wind pollination of annual weeds. Pollen of allelopathic species could be artificially dusted on the stigmatic surface of other plants. This phenomenon needs study and field testing yet. 

If this excess absorption by clouds is ultimately shown to be a real phenomenon, then an increased cloud formation and extent due to anthropogenic emissions may alter the radiative balance of the atmosphere not only through increased reflectance but also through increased absorption of solar radiation. Such an effect could impact atmospheric temperatures, their vertical distribution, and circulation, as well as surface wind speeds and the surface latent heat flux (Kiehl et al., 1995). Hence establishing if this is truly excess absorption, and if so, its origins, is a critical issue that remains to be resolved. 

An important result of the comparative analysis of the water circulation in different years and the relevant information on the wind field consists in the establishment of the possibility of appearance and, sometimes, long-term (up to 8 months) existence of anticyclonic eddies in the open sea (beyond the continental slope) and in revealing the factors that favor this phenomenon. Deep-sea anticyclones are characteristic only of the eastern basin (Fig. 3), where their appearance results from the separation of the anticyclones formed due to the RC instability at the sites with a narrow continental slope (Caucasian and Anatolian coasts and the southeastern coast of the Crimea) from the coast. The wide and gentle northwestern slope imposes a stabilizing effect on the RC. The anticyclonic eddies that found themselves over this slope owing to their formation off the southwestern coast of the Crimea or transfer from the eastern basin propagate to the southwest never entering the deep-water part of the sea. 

Tornadoes, or in other words, death and destruction, are the fastest winds on earth. Tornadoes are the rotating funnel clouds that extend high above clouds. Once these violent winds touch down almost nothing can stop them. They uproot trees, overturn railroad cars, and send automobiles flying like matchbox cars. Side effects from tornadoes are heavy rain, hail, lightning storms, and power outages. There have been hundreds of tornadoes reported annually since 1950, and they have killed over 10,000 people in the United States alone since 1900. Tornadoes, cyclones, and twisters are the most violent and unpredictable natural phenomenon the world has ever seen. 

Dynamic Wind It has been observed by many researchers that when a cantilevered cylinder is subjected to a steady wind flow, there is a certain velocity at which the cylinder begins to oscillate in the direction transverse to the wind axis. This phenomenon has been attributed to the effect of vortex shedding. These vortices, commonly referred to as the Von Karman effect, are eddies of wind such as you d see in water when rowing a boat. (See Figure 48-6 and 48-7). 

In addition, at altitudes near 100-105 km, thin layers (1-3 km thick) of greatly enhanced metal ion densities are found to extend over horizontal areas of a few hundred kilometers. This phenomenon is called a sporadic E layer, and arises primarily from the effects of wind shears in the presence of a magnetic field, although other mechanisms have also been... 

The effects of a hurricane, when it makes landfall, will be different for coastal and slightly inland areas versus inland areas. Coastal and adjacent areas can be subject to storm surge, high winds, intense rainfall and possible tornadoes. A storm surge can be the most devastating phenomenon associated with hurricanes, and coastal areas are most at risk. Due to... 

Tall cylindrical stacks and towers may be susceptible to wind-induced oscillations as a result of vortex shedding. This phenomenon, often referred to as dynamic instability, has resulted in severe oscillations, excessive deflections, structural damage, and even failure. Once it has been determined that a vessel is dynamically unstable, either the vessel must be redesigned to withstand the effects of wind-induced oscillations or external spoilers must be added to ensure that vortex shedding does not occur. 

Redistribution in plants is a related phenomenon. When a field is sprayed, much of the plant surface is shadowed by other parts of the plant and hence does not receive the spray. However, redistribution of the sprayed agent is effected by wind and by moisture. Because the surface of plants is negatively charged, redistribution is efficient mainly for positively charged substances (such as Bordeaux Mixture, or streptomycin) (Dimond and Horsfall, 1959). 

The effect of this shrinkage phenomenon is of great importance in case of flat concrete surface, for example slab foundations and floors, with a high surface to thickness ratio, where the loss of water may be significant, particularly in summer period and at strong wind (Fig. 5.53). It causes the cracks formation and therefore the curing of concrete, should start immediately after its placing. The loss of water from concrete surface should not exceed 1 kg/(m%) [115], The barriers, such as... 

The effects of the low air temperatures in the Transantarctic Mountains are magnified by wind which accelerates the loss of heat from the human body. This phenomenon is expressed quantitatively by the wind-chill scale (Rees 1993) that converts the measured temperature into an equivalent wind-chill temperature. For example, the arrow in Fig. 2.5a indicates that the measured air temperature of -10°C at a wind speed of 8 m/s corresponds to a wind-chill temperature of-20 C. In addition, a wind speed of 8 m/s in Fig. 2.5b is equivalent to a speed of 28.8 km/h. The wind-chill temperature also permits the definition of the discomfort index in Table 2.1. Accordingly, a wind-chill temperature of -20°C is perceived as being bitterly cold. Such conditions are not unusual during the austral sununer on the polar plateau and in the Transantarctic Mountains, except along the coast. 

In this article, we will describe in some detail the fundamentals of the three types of streaming flows associated with the microfluidic applications. First, the quartz wind which corresponds to the one-dimensional compressible flow will be introduced. Second, the Eulerian streaming flow in two-dimensional space will be considered. Kundt s dust phenomenon will also be explained. Finally, we will address the flexural plate wave and its net effect, i.e., the Stokes drift flow. 

The typacal primary winding inductance of a FT is into the order of 28.5 H at 60 Hz, if the power cable would have a length of 1 m, this would present a capacitance of 1 nF. Therefore, in order to present the series resonance phenomenon requires a 990.8 Hz frequency. On the other hand, in the industrial petrochemical plants surges were detected in 5 to 7 kHz. These surges may be caused by maneuvers or system failure, see Fig. 4.22 Therefore, it is concluded that the op>en delta connection of FT s makes possible the resonance effect. 

Equations (20.24) and (20.25) were developed for spills of constant volume, constant surface tension, and low viscosity on calm water. The effects of wind and currents on spreading rates are not well studied and are difficult to estimate. Therefore, the quantifiable uncertainty in the spreading rate lies in the estimation of the parameters used in Eqs. (20.24) and (20.25). The transition from a viscous spread, i.e., Eq. (20.25) to a surface tension spread, i.e., Eq. (20.23) occurs rapidly for most spills, and the spreading rate is described by Eq. (20.24). Since the density and viscosity of water can be estimated fairly confidently, most of the uncertainty in the spreading rate lies in the estimation of the net surface tension, specifically in the estimation of the air-oil surface tension and the oil-water surface tension. There is also an uncertainty in the applications of the slick-spreading model to a cross-sectional nonuniform velocity profile, where the nonuniformities would add to the spreading. In this case, the slick would experience a longitudinal dispersion in addition to the water. This phenomenon is not a component of the sensitivity analysis. 

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