Bordeaux mixture

Bordeaux mixture A mixture of CUSO4 and Ca(OH)2 made up in water and used as a fungicide. 

Kukabriihe, /. (cihbrev. for Xupfer-Xalk-Bruhe) Bordeaux mixture. 

Apples Canker Nectria galligena Bordeaux mixture, copper oxychloride... 

Apples Scab Venturia inaequalis Bordeaux mixture... 

Peaches Leaf curl Taphrina deformans copper oxychloride Bordeaux mixture, copper ammonium carbonate,... 

Schneiderhan, F.J. (1933). The discovery of Bordeaux mixture (three papers) I. Treatment of mildew and rot./ II. Treatment of mildew with copper sulphate and lime mixture./ III. Concerning the history of the treatment of mildew with copper sulphate. By Perre Marie Alexis Millardet 1885 , ATranslation from the French by Felix John Schneiderhan. American Phytopathological Society Phytopathological Classics, 3. 

Copper compounds are used in agriculture to treat mildew and other plant diseases in the food industry as preservatives, additives, or coloring agents in preservatives of wood, leather, and fabrics in coin manufacture and in water treatment (ATSDR1990 Roncero et al. 1992). The use of copper-containing pesticides is traditional along the Mediterranean Coast, especially the use of Bordeaux mixture, a copper sulfate-based fungicide that has been widely used for more than a century to... 

Marchal-Segault, D., C. Briancon, S. Halpem, P. Fragu, and G. Lauge. 1991. Secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis of the copper distribution in Drosophila melanogaster chronically intoxicated with Bordeaux mixture. Biol. Cell 70 129-132. 

The copper compounds include Bordeaux mixture and the so-called fixed coppers including the copper oxides, copper oxychloride, copper oxychloride sulfate, and related materials. Bordeaux mixture, since its discovery about 70 years ago, has been the classic fungicide for the control of late blight and still is more widely used than any other single material. Certain of its qualities, particularly adhesiveness, remain unequaled by its commercial competitors, and it is cheap and effective. However, the inconvenience of preparing Bordeaux mixture, and the unreliable quality of hydrated lime available in most places, have tempted many growers to switch to other copper compounds or organics. 

In a series of thorough trials over a period of 6 years in Mexico, a number of the fixed copper compounds have been compared under severe blight conditions. No important difference in effectiveness has been demonstrated among them. Experiments elsewhere have likewise failed to show any marked superiority of one material over the others. They are easy to apply, though more expensive than Bordeaux mixture and perhaps less effective under severe blight conditions. 

A severe thrips infestation occurred in 1953 in cacao plantations in the Comal-calco area of the state of Tabasco, Mexico. The trees suffered a nearly total defoliation. Control was reported to have been obtained by applications of aqueous solutions of Deenate 75W (DDT 75%) according to the formula Deenate 150 gram, Spreader Sticker 15 cc., and water 100 liters. Bordeaux mixture and milk of lime have also been reported as giving good control in some localities. 

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