Optical planar waveguides

Chemical properties of deposited monolayers have been studied in various ways. The degree of ionization of a substituted coumarin film deposited on quartz was determined as a function of the pH of a solution in contact with the film, from which comparison with Gouy-Chapman theory (see Section V-2) could be made [151]. Several studies have been made of the UV-induced polymerization of monolayers (as well as of multilayers) of diacetylene amphiphiles (see Refs. 168, 169). Excitation energy transfer has been observed in a mixed monolayer of donor and acceptor molecules in stearic acid [170]. Electrical properties have been of interest, particularly the possibility that a suitably asymmetric film might be a unidirectional conductor, that is, a rectifier (see Refs. 171, 172). Optical properties of interest include the ability to make planar optical waveguides of thick LB films [173, 174]. 

Optical sensors (Figure 1) can be defined as devices for optical monitoring of physical parameters (pressure1, temperature2, etc.) or (bio)chemical properties of a medium by means of optical elements (planar optical waveguides or optical fibres). Chemical or biochemical fibre-optic sensors3 are small devices capable of continuously and reversibly recording the concentration of a (bio)chemical species constructed be means of optical fibres. 

Piraud C., Mwarania E., Wylangowski G., Wilkinson J., O Dwyer K., Schiffrin J., An optoelectrochemical thin-film chlorine sensor employing evanescent fields on planar optical waveguides, Anal. Chem. 1992 64 651. 

Figure 1. A generalised planar optical waveguide-based sensor.

Planar optical waveguides can be designed to support many modes propagating... 

Lenney, J. P. Goddard, N. J. Morey, J. C. Snook, R. D. Fielden, P. R., An electro osmotic flow system with integrated planar optical waveguide sensing, Sens. Actuators B 1997, 39, 212 217... 

F.P. Payne and J.P.R. Lacey, "A theoretical analysis of scattering loss from planar optical waveguides," Opt. Quantum Electron. 26, 977-986 (1994). 

HiLiNbOj AND HiLiTaOj PLANAR OPTICAL WAVEGUIDES FORMATION AND CHARACTERIZATION... 

Abstract A new dif active device for light coupling between a planar optical waveguide... 

A three-layer, planar optical waveguide consists basically of a high-RI film with RI np that is sandwiched between two lower-refractive-index materials referred to as the substrate and the cover medium with RIs ns and c> respectively Fig. 2. If Maxwell s equations are solved for such a layered structure, the following solutions for the electromagnetic field [Pg.281]

A planar optical waveguide was integrated within a PDMS chip for fluorescent detection. The waveguide consists of a 150-nm-thick silicon nitride layer deposited on a 2.1-pm-thick Si02 buffer layer on a Si substrate. The rabbit IgG was... 

Hofmann, O., Viorin, G., Niedermann, P., Manz, A., 3D-flow confinement for efficient sample delivery Application to immunoassays on planar optical waveguides. Micro Total Analysis Systems, Proceedings 5th pTAS Symposium, Monterey, CA, Oct. 21-25, 2001, 133-134. 

Wdrhoff K, Lambeck PV, Driessen A (1999) Design, tolerance analysis, and fabrication of silicon oxynitride based planar optical waveguides for communication devices. J Lightwave Technol 17 1401-1407... 

Schmitt K, Schirmer B, Hoffmann C, Brandenburg A, Meyrueis P (2007) Interferometric biosensor based on planar optical waveguide sensor chips for label-lree detection of surface bound bioreactions. Biosens Bioelectron 22 2591-2597... 

Lukosz W, Clerc D, Nellen PM, Stamm C, Weiss P (1991) Output grating couplers on planar optical waveguides as direct immunosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 6 227-232... 

Millar CA, Hutchins RH (1978) Manufacturing tolerances for silver-sodium ion-exchange planar optical waveguides. J Phys D Appl Phys 11 1567-1576... 

Fig. 2 Ray optics representation for absorbance calculations in a planar optical waveguide. Adapted from [8] with permission from the Optical Society of America, copyright 2000...

Mendes SB, Bradshaw JT et al (2004) Technique for determining the angular orientation of molecules bound to the surface of an arbitrary planar optical waveguide. Appl Opt 43(l) 70-78... 

Kremeskotter J, Wilson R et al (1995) Detection of glucose via electrochemiluminescence in a thin-layer cell with a planar optical waveguide. Meas Sci Technol 6 1325-1328... 

Fig. 5.1. Schematic representation of a planar optical waveguide of refractive index H2, surrounded by layers of lower refractive index n emd n. The Ught, confined within the structure by TIR, travels through guided modes.

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