Fiber optic waveguides

The experiment was carried out by a continuously working Nd YAG-laser fabricated by NEC. The laser has a maximum output of 1200 W and is controlled by handling facility with a linear axle. A stage index fiber optical waveguide with a diameter of d=1000 pm was used for the control of the beam. The focusing optics consist of a focusing lens (f=l 16 mm) and a collimation lens (f=70 mm). 

Fiber optics cables Fiber optic waveguides Fiber-reactive dyebath Fiber reactive dyes... 

Eland-Eleld Immunochromatographic Assay (Tetracore) Fiber-Optic Waveguide (NRL, Research International) Surface Plasmon Resonance (University of Washington, Battelle)... 

An evanescent wave fiber optic immunosensor has been used for the detection of ricin in river water.(131) A tapered fiber optic waveguide with covalently bound anti-ricin IgG is used in a sandwich format, with tetramethylrhodamine-labeled antibody as tracer. In a two-step format, ricin in the sample is bound to the fiber first, and then the fiber is exposed to the tracer antibody. Sensitivity is 1 ng/ml for the two-step assay. The one-step assay, in which the fiber optic probe contacts the sample and labeled antibody simultaneously is less sensitive, but more convenient. 

Fiber-optic fluorometry. Fiber-optic waveguides provide excellent means for delivering excitation energy to fluorescing media in remote, hostile, or inaccessible environments (8) such as reactors and plant streams, and for guiding the emitted fluorescence to a detector or a spectrometer, thus facilitating in-situ monitoring of the resin fluorescence (5,6). In our case, the autoclave represents a hostile environment (350°F and 100 psl) which is inaccessible for optical measurements by conventional methods. 

Normal reflection optics have been used to advantage with bulk electrode materials. Examples of this type of spectroelectrochemical cell are shown in Figure 9.11 [67]. Simple bifurcated fiber-optic waveguides are used to direct source light onto reflective bulk electrode surfaces and to collect the reflected light for transmission to a detector. This is a simple means for performing spectroelectrochemical experiments at bulk metal electrodes that cannot be as... 

Figure 17.11 Transmission spectroelectrochemistry cell designed for use with room-temperature haloaluminate melts and other moisture-reactive, corrosive liquids, (a) Auxiliary electrode and reference electrode compartments, (b) quartz cuvette containing the RVC-OTE, (c) brass clamping screw, (d) passageway between the separator and OTE compartment, (e) fritted glass separator, (f) A1 plate, (g) lower cell body (Teflon), (h) upper cell body (Teflon). This cell is normally used inside a glove box and is optically accessed with fiber optic waveguides. [From E. H. Ward and C. L. Hussey, Anal. Chem. 59 213 (1987), with permission.]...

Pinnow DA, Gentile AL, Standlee AG, Timper AJ, Hobrock LM (1978) Polycrystalline fiber optical waveguides for infrared transmission. Appl Phys Lett 33 28-29... 

Figure 4.1 Two common types of fiber optic waveguides, (a) Light transmitted through the small-diameter core of a single-mode fiber has little broadening of the input, (b) The output from the larger core of a multimode fiber has more broadening.

A fiber-optic waveguide is a thin device composed of a high-refractive-index substance which is completely surrounded by a lower-refractive-index one. The situation is depicted in Fig. 16.1 la, where according to Snell s law. 

Optical Anti-reflection coating, anti-dimming coating, improvement of transparency, optical fiber, optical waveguide laser optical window, contact lens... 

Chabay, I. Optical Waveguides. Photon Plumbing for the Chemistry Lab Fiber Optics, Waveguides, and Evanescent Waves as Tools for Chemical Analysis. Anal. Chem. 54(9) 1071A-1080A (1982)... 

To protect the reflective layer from exposure to the ambient atmosphere, corrosive substances, salt, humidity, etc., a Parylene polymer protective layer is used. A cross section through a fiber optic waveguide is shown in Figure 2.5. The fiber optic waveguide comprises a ... 

The instrument, Figure 1, involves a two-arm Mach-Zehnder interferometer constructed from mono-mode fiber optic waveguides. One arm of the interferometer is coated with an immobilized enzyme, while the other is used as a reference. Both arms of the interferometer are firmly held in the middle of a conduit that is incorporated into a flow injection analysis (FIA) system, serving as a substitute for the normal absorbance, fluorescence, pH, or electrochemical detectors. A common source of phase coherent light is launched down both arms of the interferometer. 

The excellent transmittance of quartz in the near-infrared range has led to a further enhancement of the potential of near-infrared spectroscopy by the introduction of fiber optics. Fiber-optic waveguides are used to transfer light from the spectrometer to the sample and. after transmission or reflection, back to the spectrometer. Most fiber optic cables consist of three concentric compo-... 

The structure of a typical fiber optic waveguide is shown in Fig. 11. These waveguides have primarily been developed for communication purposes and have the... 

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