Optical Waveguide Applications

Germann R, Salemink HWM, Beyeler R, Bona GL, Horst F, Massaiek I, Of ein BJ (2000) Silicon oxynitride layers for optical waveguide applications. J Electrochem Soc 147 2237-2241... 

Qi, Y. Ding, J. Day, M. Jiang, J. Callender, C. L., Cross-linkable highly fluorinated poly(arylene ether ketones/sulfones) for optical waveguiding applications, Chem. Mater. 2005,17, 676-682. 

Hill KO, Fuji Y, Johnson DC, Kawasaki BS (1978) Photosensitivity in optical waveguides application to reflection filter fabrication. Appl Phys Lett 32 647-649... 

Manzano-Santamaria, J., Olivares, J., Rivera, A., and Agull6-L6pez, F. 2010. Electronic damage in quartz (c-SiOj) by MeV ion irradiations Potentiality for optical waveguiding applications. Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 272 271-274. 

In an analogous reaction, bis-(pentafluorophenyl)-sulfone is used for the preparation of poly(arylene ether sulfone) (PAES). Bis-(pentafluoro-phenyl)-sulfone is prepared by the oxidation of bis-(pentafluorophenyl)-sulfide. In the next step, 3-ethynylphenol or 4-(phenylethynyl)phenol is attached to the PSI, or PAES. These groups are capable of thermal cross-linking. Fluorinated PSI or PAES can be used for optical waveguide applications. 

Ethynyl terminated fluorinated PAES has a potential use for optical waveguide applications. The synthesis of ethynyl terminated fluorinated PAES is shown in Figure 7.12. The polymer is cured at 270°C for 2 h. 

Y. Qi, C. L. Callender, J. Jiang, T. Norsten, M. Day, and J. Ding. Cross-linkable highly fluorinated poly(arylene ethers) for optical waveguide applications. CA Patent 2 507 981, assigned to National Research Council (CA), November 19, 2005. 

Potassium titanyl phosphate, K TiO PO4 (KTP), is a much favoured material for use in optoelectronics. It is widely used for second harmonic generation of Nd lasers emitting near 1 mm, and is a superior material for many optical waveguide applications. 

Scheme 3.5 Representative structures of fluorinated polyimides for optical waveguide application. Taken from Ref. [56],...

Scheme 3.6 Fluorinated polyimides for optical waveguide application for electro-optical device fabrication. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [57].

S. Wong, H. Ma, A.K.Y. Jen, R. Barto, C.W. Frank, Highly fluorinated trifluorovinyl aryl ether monomers and perfluorocyclobu-tane aromatic ether polymers for optical waveguide applications. Macromolecules 36 (21) (2003)8001-8007. 

Is ambiguous (Figure 10)12 he value of the Sl/N atomic ratio, determined from XPS measurements is found to obey a linear relationship with refractive index and thus it is possible to express the fraction of NH bonds as a function of the stoichiometry of the film (Figure 11). It can be seen from this relationship that it is possible to tune the amorphous silicon nitride to the required refractive index, e.g. for optical waveguide applications, within the range 1.6 to 2.1. 

Pitois C, Wiesmann D, Lindgren M, Hult A (2001) Functionalized fluoiinated hyperbranched polymers for optical waveguide applications. Adv Mater 13 1483-1484... 

Chappell, ]., Hutt, D. A., Conway, P. R Controlling the Feature Sizes of an Inkjet Printed Optical Waveguide Applicable Material. In Proceedings 2nd International Symposium on Photonic Packaging, Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE), Munich, 13 November 2008. 

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