Optical planar waveguides properties

The hybrid films had a film thickness ranging from 1.53 to 2.61 //m, as shown in Table 1. The refractive index of the hybrid film at 1319 nm decreases with increasing the silica content since the refractive index of silica segment is lower than that of PMMA. However, it is higher than that of thermal oxide (refractive index = 1.458) and thus core>cladding waveguide structure can be formed in the prepared optical planar waveguides. The optical properties of the hybrid films are shown in Table 1. 

In summary, the optical and structural properties of PE and APE planar waveguides in LiNbOs and LiTaOs were studied. Raman spectroscopy was used to monitor the formation of various phases. 

In Chap. 1 by J. Homola of this volume [1] surface plasmons were introduced as modes of dielectric/metal planar waveguides and their properties were estabhshed. It was demonstrated that the propagation constant of a surface plasmon is sensitive to variations in the refractive index at the surface of a metal film supporting the surface plasmon. In this chapter, it is shown how this phenomenon can be used to create a sensing device. The concept of optical sensors based on surface plasmons, commonly referred as to surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors, is described and the main approaches to SPR sensing are presented. In addition, the concept of affinity biosensors is introduced and the main performance characteristics of SPR biosensors are defined. 

A photochromic film in a planar waveguide can bind light in a confined manner, allowing the use of evanescent fields as sensitive tools for probing the optical properties of these films. A surface wave that propagates at the interface between an ultrathin photochromic layer, such as a SAM, and a given medium can probe small photochemical changes at this interface. The... 

Cho IH, Kim DH, Noh DY (2006) Noh, X-ray photochemical wet etching of n-Si (100) in hydrofluoric solution. Appl Phys Lett 89 054104-1-3 Diesinger H, Bsiesy A, Herino R (2003) Nano-structuring of silicon and porous silicon by photoetching using near field optics. Phys Status Solidi A 197 561-565 Ferrand P, Romestain R, Vial JC (2001) Photonic band-gap properties of a porous silicon periodic planar waveguide. Phys Rev B 63 115106-1-4... 

Weinsenbach L., Zelinski B.J., O KeUy J., Roncone R., Burke J. The influence ofprocessing variables on the optical properties of Si02-Ti02 planar waveguides. SPIE Submolec. Glass Chem. Phys. 

This chapter reviews the fabrication and properties oftellurite planar thin films and waveguides for integrated optics. The basic properties of tellurite are summarized, and then the various techniques used for thin-film and waveguide fabrication are detailed. The latest achievements in rare earth-doped, especially erbium-doped, tellurite waveguide devices are also discussed. 

Doped Silica for Optical Communications (Fiber and Planar Waveguides). This is a very specialized, highly technical topic. It will be expanded on in Sec. 6.7 and in Chap. 7. The desired optical properties of the various optical system components are often produced by a controlled geometrical distribution of dopant ion concentrations in the glass. Here we briefly discuss the needs for such doping and methods for achieving it. 

Sol-gel-derived films, especially transparent sol-gel films and planar waveguides, can be studied by means of various optical spectroscopy techniques in order to characterize their structure and optical properties. Common optical spectroscopy methods include Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, UV-Vis-NIR, and fluorescence spectroscopies. These are well-known, powerful, nondestructive, and highly sensitive tools to investigate the structure and optical properties of the sol-gels. 

S. J.L., and Gonsalves, R.R. (2012) NIR luminescent Er /Yb co-doped Si02-Zr02 nanostructured planar and channel waveguides optical and structural properties. Mater. Chem. Phys., 136 (1), 120-129. 

Active planar waveguides based on sol-gel Er doped Si02-Zr02 for photonic applications morphological, structural and optical properties. /. Non-Cryst Sol, 354 (42-44), 4846-4851. 

Wang, B.L. and Hu, L.L. (2006) Optical and surfece properties of hybrid Ti02/ ormosil planar waveguide prepared by the sol-gel process. Ceram. Int, 32,... 

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