Optical waveguide studies

Deposition of Thin Alumina Films on LaSFN9 Substrates for Optical Waveguide Studies... 

Chemical properties of deposited monolayers have been studied in various ways. The degree of ionization of a substituted coumarin film deposited on quartz was determined as a function of the pH of a solution in contact with the film, from which comparison with Gouy-Chapman theory (see Section V-2) could be made [151]. Several studies have been made of the UV-induced polymerization of monolayers (as well as of multilayers) of diacetylene amphiphiles (see Refs. 168, 169). Excitation energy transfer has been observed in a mixed monolayer of donor and acceptor molecules in stearic acid [170]. Electrical properties have been of interest, particularly the possibility that a suitably asymmetric film might be a unidirectional conductor, that is, a rectifier (see Refs. 171, 172). Optical properties of interest include the ability to make planar optical waveguides of thick LB films [173, 174]. 

Linear arrays of optical microresonators evanescently coupled to each other can also be used for optical power transfer (Fig. 6). This type of coupled-resonator optical waveguide (CROW) has recently been proposed (Yariv, 1999) and then demonstrated and studied in a variety of material and geometrical configurations, such as sequences of planar microrings (Poon, 2004), arrays of coupled microspheres (Astratov, 2004), and chains of photonic crystal defect cavities (Olivier, 2001). 

These materials may also be included in guest-host or side-chain polymer systems, similar to those exploited in electro-optic polymer studies. This would improve processability for waveguide devices. The coefficients quoted above show that such a doped polymer could function at reasonable power levels and waveguide dimensions with an active region 1-2 mm long. 

This study represents the first systemmatic application of the optical waveguide technique to the study of the response of polymer film coatings to condensed vapor molecules. These results indicate that the technique is useful for surveying rapidly potential polymeric films as possible vapor sensor coatings. Moreover, this work has further substantiated that the vapor pressure is an important physical property to be taken into account when employing polymeric films as surface coatings. 

Hook F, Vords J, Rodahl M, Kurrat R, Bdni P, Ramsden JJ, Textor M, Spencer ND, Tengvall P, Gold J, Kasemo B (2002) A comparative study of protein adsorption on titanium oxide surfaces using in situ ellipsometry, optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy, and quartz crystal microbalance/dissipation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 24 155-170... 

Heideman RG, Kooyman RPH, Greve J (1994) Immunoactivity of adsorbed anti human chorionic gonadotropin studied with an optical waveguide interferometric sensor. Biosens Bioelectron 9 33 3... 

In the first part of the chapter several methods used to observe morphology of polymer blends are presented. Various optical microscopic methods are reviewed, including such modem techniques as photon tunneling microscopy (PTM), scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM), phase measurement interference microscopy (PMIM), surface plasmon microscopy (SPM) and optical waveguide microscopy (OWM). Many of these methods have been developed to study surfaces and thin films. However, they can also be applied to polymer blend morphology. 

Table II. NRL Optical Waveguide Solution Phase Studies...

Benayas A, Silva WF, Rodenas A, Jacinto C, Vazquez de Aldana J, Chen F et al (2011) Ultrafast laser writing of optical waveguides in ceramic Yb YAG A study of thermal and non-thermal regimes. Appl Phys A Mater Sci Process 104 301-309... 

M. Mitsuishi, S. Ito, M. Yamamoto, H. Endo, S. Hachiya, T. Fischer, W. Knoll, Optical characterization of a ferroelectric liquid crystalline polymer studied by time-resolved optical waveguide spectroscopy. Macromolecules 31, 1565-1574 (1998)... 

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