Waveguides high-refractive-index optical

Sensor Principles Based on High-Refractive-Index Optical Waveguides... 

The dependence of PS porosity on doping density has been exploited to fabricate optical waveguides. Such structures require only a single variation of refractive index. If a p-type substrate with implanted p+ lines is anodized and partially oxidized, mesoporous lines of high refractive index are embedded in a low refractive index material. An obtained refractive index contrast between core and clad of 30% is promising for future applications [Tal2]. 

V.V. Atuchin, I. Savatinova, C.C. Ziling, High refractive index metastable phases in proton exchanged H LiTa03 optical waveguides, Mat. Lett. 46, 189-192 (2000). 

The refractive index must be precisely controlled because it is essential for optical components such as single-mode optical waveguides. This control can be achieved by copolymerization of low- and high-refractive-index polyimides. Birefringence control can be achieved by a film elongation technique using a particular polyimide. 

Optical waveguides generally confine light by means of the total internal reflection (TIR) effect, which is accomplished at the interfaces of a high refractive index dielectric medium (core) surrounded by a lower refractive index medium (cladding and substrate) (Fig. 5) [48,49]. 

Because of its high refractive index n 3.7 (Berger et al., 1981), a-Si H lends itself as a conveyor of optical information to light sensitive detectors incorporated in integrated circuits. In this application as an optical waveguide, an optical signal can be transmitted to various circuit components without cross-talk with signals in electrical interconnections. 

From a general point of view a dielectric resonator is a transparent body of certain shape consisting of a substance with a high refractive index n, usually surrounded by air. Such a structure has the ability to confine light inside, e.g. utilized in any kinds of optical fibers or waveguides. To explain this phenomenon in terms of classical electrod5Uiamics, and any similar problem respectively, it is necessary to solve the tree-dimensional wave... 

An optical waveguide is a high refractive index layer situated between two materials of lower refractive index, as it is shown in Fig. 5.1. 

Another technique that is important for optical immunosensor development is internal or attenuated total reflection spectroscopy (Fig. 126). A waveguide (slide or fiber) having a high refractive index is coated with a layer of immobilized antibody. The incident light... 

A fiber-optic waveguide is a thin device composed of a high-refractive-index substance which is completely surrounded by a lower-refractive-index one. The situation is depicted in Fig. 16.1 la, where according to Snell s law. 

The calculations in the preceding section have been performed for a simple planar slab waveguide of infinite extent but finite thickness sandwiched between semi-infinite substrate and cover layers. Other waveguide configurations are possible, most notably the cyhndricaUy symmetrical case of a high refractive index rod surrounded by a lower index cladding. This is the fiber-optic configuration used widely in telecommunications. 

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