Water polyurethanes solubility

Eyrol 51 is a water-soluble Hquid containing about 21% phosphoms. It is made by a multistep process from dimethyl methylphosphonate, phosphoms pentoxide, and ethylene oxide. The end groups are principally primary hydroxyl and the compound can thus be incorporated chemically into aminoplasts, phenoHc resins, and polyurethanes. Eyrol 51, or 58 if diluted with a small amount of isopropanol, is used along with amino resins to produce a flame-retardant resin finish on paper used for automotive air filters, or for backcoating of upholstery fabric to pass the British or California flammabiHty standards. 

Water-borne adhesives are preferred because of restrictions on the use of solvents. Low viscosity prepolymers are emulsified in water, followed by chain extension with water-soluble glycols or diamines. As cross-linker PMDI can be used, which has a shelf life of 5 to 6 h in water. Water-borne polyurethane coatings are used for vacuum forming of PVC sheeting to ABS shells in automotive interior door panels, for the lamination of ABS/PVC film to treated polypropylene foam for use in automotive instmment panels, as metal primers for steering wheels, in flexible packaging lamination, as shoe sole adhesive, and as tie coats for polyurethane-coated fabrics. PMDI is also used as a binder for reconstituted wood products and as a foundry core binder. 

Some commercial durable antistatic finishes have been Hsted in Table 3 (98). Early patents suggest that amino resins (qv) can impart both antisHp and antistatic properties to nylon, acryUc, and polyester fabrics. CycHc polyurethanes, water-soluble amine salts cross-linked with styrene, and water-soluble amine salts of sulfonated polystyrene have been claimed to confer durable antistatic protection. Later patents included dibydroxyethyl sulfone [2580-77-0] hydroxyalkylated cellulose or starch, poly(vinyl alcohol) [9002-86-2] cross-linked with dimethylolethylene urea, chlorotria2ine derivatives, and epoxy-based products. Other patents claim the use of various acryUc polymers and copolymers. Essentially, durable antistats are polyelectrolytes, and the majority of usehil products involve variations of cross-linked polyamines containing polyethoxy segments (92,99—101). 

Two-component waterborne urethane dispersions are similar to the one-component PUD s in that a polyurethane dispersion comprises one of the two components. The second component is usually a crosslinker from the following classes of materials (a) polyisocyanates, (b) aziridines, (c) polycarbodiimides, and (d) epoxies. Many of the crosslinkers are not inherently water-soluble or water-dispersible. Therefore, they must be modified with surface active agents themselves, so as to become emulsifiable in water. 

Caprolactam, a white solid that melts at 69°C, can be obtained either in a fused or flaked form. It is soluble in water, ligroin, and chlorinated hydrocarbons. Caprolactam s main use is to produce nylon 6. Other minor uses are as a crosslinking agent for polyurethanes, in the plasticizer industry, and in the synthesis of lysine. 

Several polyethers are used as intermediates in the preparation of polyurethane foams whilst others such as polyethylene glycol are water soluble. 

Another approach for ion-sensing (here copper and zinc) is based on the water-soluble ligand zincon and the ion pair with quaternary ammonium halides shown in Figure 17 which can be homogeneously dissolved in polymers such as plasticized poly(vinyl acetate), ethyl cellulose, and polyurethane. 

Interfacial behavior of different silicones was extensively studied, as indicated in Section 3.12.4.6. To add a few more examples, solution behavior of water-soluble polysiloxanes carrying different pendant hydrophilic groups, thus differing in hydrophobicity, was reported.584 A study of the aggregation phenomena of POSS in the presence of amphiphilic PDMS at the air/water interface was conducted in an attempt to elucidate nanofiller-aggregation mechanisms.585 An interesting phenomenon of the spontaneous formation of stable microtopographical surface domains, composed primarily of PDMS surrounded by polyurethane matrix, was observed in the synthesis of a cross-linked PDMS-polyurethane films.586... 

The interfacial chemistry of corrosion-induced failure on galvanized steel has been investigated (2) adhesion of a polyurethane coating was not found to involve chemical transformations detectable by XPS, but exposure to Kesternich aging caused zinc diffusion into the coating. Similar results were obtained with an alkyd coating. Adhesion loss was proposed to be due to formation of a weak boundary layer of zinc soaps or water-soluble zinc corrosion products at the paint metal Interface. 

Ethylene glycol (EG) has two OH groups so it wiU polymerize as a linear polymer in polyesters, polyurethanes, or polyethers. Ethylene glycol is also water soluble and has a low melting point so it is used in antifreeze. 

To further explore the effect of the polarity of the molecule on its extractability, we studied the extraction of a water-soluble dye molecule by polyether polyurethane (hydrophobic) and a hydrophilic polyurethane (HPUR). The dye was bromothymol 2005 by CRC Press LLC... 

The significance of this study goes to the heart of our task. In our discussion of the extraction of pollutants, we suggested that polyglycols had utility as extracting solvents, but because of their physical nature (water solubility) they were not useful. We proposed to polymerize the glycols into water-insoluble polymers by reactions with polyisocyanates. We then presented data to support the notion that the polymers maintained the solvent properties, but they were translated into a water-insoluble matrix (a polyurethane). 

A number of polymers exhibit this hydration property. Natural products such as cellulose and starch are or can be made water soluble. Synthetics such as polyvinyl alcohol and polyacrylic acid are also soluble in water. This discussion will be limited to synthetic materials such as polyacrylic acid and its salts, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, and polyurethane... 

All but the polyurethane are characterized by methylene backbones with ligands that are sufficiently polar to make them water soluble. Thus, upon dissolution in water, the polarity of the water molecule associates with the polarity of the acrylic or acrylamide groups to form a shell. We discussed hydrophilic polyurethanes that are typically cross-linked and are not (but could be) considered effective thickeners. Nevertheless they too have hydration shells developed due to the influence of the polyethylene glycol backbone. The extent of that shell is determined by the hydro-philicity of the ligand the acrylic > acrylamide > alcohol > polyurethane. The volume... 

Two anomalies are distinctly observable in the recovery data. The first feature involves CA, which was not well-retained by the polyurethane-carbon adsorbent either from its individual solution or when mixed with the other five compounds. The effluent from the column contained more CA than was found sorbed onto the adsorbent. Although it is tempting to attribute this lack of sorption to the amino functionality, basicity cannot be the entire reason because DCB with two amino groups behaved normally. Perhaps water solubility could also be a contributing factor. In any event, this result indicates some ineffectiveness of the polyurethane-carbon mixed adsorbent system and shows the need for further investigations of various parameters affecting the recovery of CA or other similar compounds. 

Therefore, die polarity and solubility of polymer can be modified deliberately by varying the nature of the components. High aqueous solubilities of polyamides and polyurethane threaded with crown ethers or CD are intriguing, because this observation implies potential applications of the polyrotaxane concept in coatings, adhesives, and water-borne processing. The observation of the emulsification of... 

Much attention has been paid to the synthesis of fluorine-containing condensation polymers because of their unique properties (43) and different classes of polymers including polyethers, polyesters, polycarbonates, polyamides, polyurethanes, polyimides, polybenzimidazoles, and epoxy prepolymers containing pendent or backbone-incorporated bis-trifluoromethyl groups have been developed. These polymers exhibit promise as film formers, gas separation membranes, seals, soluble polymers, coatings, adhesives, and in other high temperature applications (103,104). Such polymers show increased solubility, glass-transition temperature, flame resistance, thermal stability, oxidation and environmental stability, decreased color, crystallinity, dielectric constant, and water absorption. 

Formula HCN MW 27.03 CAS [74-90-8] occurs in the root of certain plants, beet sugar residues, coke oven gas, and tobacco smoke released during combustion of wool, polyurethane foam, and nylon produced when metal cyanides react with dilute mineral acids colorless or pale liquid or a gas odor of bitter almond boils at 25.6°C solidifies at -13.4°C density of liquid 0.69 g/mL at 20°C and gas 0.95 (air = 1) at 31°C soluble in water and alcohol, very weakly acidic dangerously toxic and highly flammable (Patnaik, 1992). 

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