Water pollution control laws

Notes B1 = survey on the actual condition of chemical substances in the environment (until 2001) B2 = survey on the actual condition of chemical substances in the environment (after 2002) D = survey under the Law concerning Special Measures against Dioxins E = survey on the environmental endocrine disrupters W = survey under the Water Pollution Control Law A = the air pollutants monitoring O = other survey. Details of the survey on the actual condition of chemical substances in the environment refer to Ministry of the Environment web site http // www.env.go.jp/chemi/kurchen/index.html (also refer to annual reports before FY1996). 

In most countries, environmental regulation of chemicals started with the introduction of emission standards. The air pollution control law and the water pollution control law were typical examples of this type. 

W. Goldfarb, "Federal Water Pollution Control Law Since 1972," in Advances in Environmental Science and Engineering, Vol. 2, Gordon and Breach... 

National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants, Air and Water Pollution Control Law 1982, Environmental Law Institute Washington, D.C., 1982 p. 288. 

Amendment of the federal Water Pollution Control Act, U.S. Government, Pubhc Law 92-500, 92nd Congress, 5.2770, Washiagton, D.C., Oct. 18,1972. 

U.S. Congress. 1977. Eederal water pollution control act, as amended by the clean water act of 1977. U.S. Congress. Public Law 95-217. December 28, 1977. 

Personnel. More than any other area, we are often asked "How many people has your corporation added due to TSCA " I don t know of anyone who has a concise answer to this question. Complicating the situation is the fact that the 1960 s and 1970 s saw a number of environmental and health laws go into effect the Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, Occupational Safety and Health Act, Safe Drinking Water Act, Federal Water Pollution Control Act, TSCA, Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, Hazardous Materials Transportation Act, Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, and Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, to mention the major ones. This mixture of acts, with some similarities of purpose, developing within a time span of 10-15 years, has made a variety of similar demands. It is not easy at this point to attribute the addition of staff support personnel to an individual law such as TSCA. The same observation is applicable to all corporate resources which have felt the effects of TSCA however, in order to... 

The Oil Pollution Act of 1924 was the first federal statute prohibiting pollution of waters strictly by oil. As indicated earlier, the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA) of 1972 provided a comprehensive plan for the cleanup of waters polluted by oil spills and intentional or accidental release of oil into the water. The subsequent laws, including the Clean Water Act of 1977 and with its later amendments, provide for regulation of pollution of waters by oil spills and other forms of discharges. These legislations also incorporate certain provisions of the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899, which was intended to prevent any obstruction to the use of navigable waters for interstate commerce. 

New York DEC. Water Pollution Control and Enforcement Laws, and Environmental Conservation Law of the State of New York NYS Department of Environmental Conservation Albany, NY, 1992. 

Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, as Amended by Clean Water Act of 1977 , Environment Reporter, Fed Laws 71 (Dec 8,1978), 5101 ff 41) D.H.W. Liu et al, Toxicity of TNT Waste-waters to Aquatic Organisms. Vol I. Acute Toxicity of LAP Wastewater and 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene , Final Rept, Contract DAMD 17-75-C-5056, SRI International, Menlo Park, Ca (1978) 42) H.V. Ellis et al, Mammalian... 

CWA (1972). Clean Water Act (Federal Water Pollution Control Act). Public Law 92-500 (October 18), 86 Stat. 816, as amended (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington). 

The Environmental Protection Law is a comprehensive law on environmental protection. Article 33, which is directly related to management of POPs, states, The production, storage, transportation, sale and use of toxic chemicals and materials containing radioactive substances must comply with the relevant state provisions so as to prevent environmental pollution. In addition, the Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution, the Law on the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution, the Marine Environment Protection Law, the Law on Environmental Impact Assessment, and the Law on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Wastes have all put forward pollution prevention requirements. Previous experience can also be used in the management of POP-like materials. Presently, China has no laws that specifically address management of POPs. 

The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), passed by Congress on December 24, 1969, and signed into law by President Nixon on January 1,1970, mandated the creation of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Council on Environmental Quality. Congressional environmental protection legislation subsequent to NEPA included the Clean Air Act (1970), the Resource Recovery Act (1970), the Water Pollution Control Act (1972), the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act Amendments (1972), and others. 

Clean Water Act (Federal Water Pollution Control Act) (as amended through P.L. 107-303, November 27, 2002). Available from http //www.epa.gov/lawsregs/laws/cwa.html accessed 23 June 2009. 

Mr. Hiraishi was Director, Water Pollution Control Division at the Environment Agency, Japan (1987-1989). He also worked for UNEP from 1989-1998 consecutively as Co-ordinator of Support Measures, Programme Bureau Officer-in-Charge, Environmental Law and Institutions Centre Deputy Director of Policy Division Deputy Director of Environment Programme Division Assistant Executive Director for Environmental Information and Assessment and, President, UNEP Staff Association (in 1996). 

As a result of the Clean Air Act, the Water Pollution Control Act, and other federal and state laws respecting public health and the environment, greater amounts of solid waste, in the form of sludge and other pollution treatment residues, have been created. Similarly, inadequate and environmentally unsound practices for the disposal or use of solid waste have created increased amounts of air and water pollution and other problems for the environment and health. 

In retrospect, the 1948 act is often described as a forerunner of today s complex regulatory system, the first federal law to address water pollution comprehensively. But it was, at best, an opportunity missed. The severe verdict pronounced by Kenneth Reid— 5 years hence we will be forced to admit that the present bill was a failure 25—turned out wrong only in the timing. Like the pesticide act enacted the previous year, the Water Pollution Control Act manifested the federal government s refusal to invoke its powers against the growing problem of chemical pollution. ... 

The 1949 law strengthened both the structure and the substance of New York s water pollution control program. A Water Pollution Control Board composed of cabinet-level state officials was established with broad regulatory powers. Following a method pioneered by Pennsylvania in the 1920s,... 

Muskie and Billings, their rewriting of air pollution law accomplished, undertook a similar revolution in water pollution control. Their Clean Water Act, passed unanimously by the Senate and weakened only slightly in the... 

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