Wastewater reclamation

Studies of Wastewater Reclamation and Etili tion pub. no. 9, State Water Pollution Control Board, Sacramento, Calif., 1954. 

Chlorination was found (172) to be the most suitable and effective method for decolori2ing and reducing the COD of waste dyebaths containing a2o dyes. These findings have been substantiated for chlorination and biochemical purification (173). A study (174) has been done on the technical and economic feasibiUty of a chlorination dye wastewater reclamation system for treating effluent that is suitable for reuse in dyeing of polyester/cotton blends with disperse and direct dyes. 

Salgot M, Pascual A (1996) Existing guidelines and regulations in Spain on wastewater reclamation and reuse. Wat Sci Tech 34(ll) 261-267... 

Salgot M, Folch M, Huertas E, Tapias J, Avellaneda D, Giros G, Brissaud F, Verges C, Molina J, Pigem (2002) Comparison of different advanced disinfection systems for wastewater reclamation. Wat Sci Tech/Wat Supply 02(03) 213-218... 

Cazurra T (2008) Water reuse of south Barcelona s wastewater reclamation plant. Desalination 218 43-51... 

Petala M, Tsiridis V, Zouboulis A, Sakellaropoulos GP (2006) Wastewater reclamation by advanced treatment of secondary effluents. Desalination 195 109-118... 

Choo KH, Choi SJ, Hwang ED (2007) Effect of coagulant types on textile wastewater reclamation in a combined coagulation/ultrafiltration system. Desalination 202 262-270... 

You SJ, Tseng DH, Deng JY (2008) Using combined membrane processes for textile dyeing wastewater reclamation. Desalination 234 426-432... 

Stoyer, R.L. (1970), The pressure pipe wastewater treatment system. Presented at the 2nd Annual Sanitary Engineering Research Laboratory Workshop on Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse, Tahoe City, CA. 

Asano, T. and Levine, A.D., Wastewater Reclamation, Recycling and Reuse An Introduction. Chapter 1 of Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse, ed. Takashi Asano, Vol. 10, Water Quality Management Library, p 1-56, Technomic Publishing, PA., 1998. 

Krofta, M. Wang, L.K. Development of Innovative Floatation Processes for Water Treatment and Wastewater Reclamation, National Water Supply Improvement Association Conference, San Diego, August 1988, 42 pp. 

Advanced Treatment for Wastewater Reclamation at Water Factory 21 Stanford University Palo Alto, CA, 1982 Technical Report 267. 

Cath, T.Y., Adams, D. and Childress, A.E. (2005) Membrane contactor processes for wastewater reclamation in space II. Combined direct osmosis, osmotic distillation, and membrane distillation for treatment of metabolic wastewater. Journal of Membrane Science, 257 (1—2), 111-119. 

Xing, C.-H., Wena, X.-H. and Tardieub, E. (2001) Microfiltration-membrane-coupled bioreactor for urban wastewater reclamation. Desalination, 141, 63-73. 

Wastewater reclamation is a logical extension of desalination technology. Much of the membrane system design is common to both applications, and the membranes available for wastewater treatment are those originally developed for desalination. The first major project designed for... 

Rowe DR, Abdel-Magid IM. Handbook of wastewater reclamation and reuse. Boca Raton, FL CRC Press, Inc., 1995. 

W. R. Mills, Jr., Orange County Water District Wastewater Reclamation, Talbert Barrier and Recharge Project, Annual Report 91-121 for the California Regional Water QuaUty Control Board, Santa Ana Region, 1995. 

As the MBR process does not need the secondary clarifier for the solid-liquid separation, it can prevent these inherited problems that occur in the conventional processes for the wastewater reclamation (29). The resulting high-quality and completely disinfected effluent means that the MBR process can be used for many purposes, i.e., industrial and municipal wastewater treatment and reuse (30). More important, the land requirement of MBR is much less than that of conventional wastewater reclamation processes. 

Wastewater reclamation was pioneered using advanced conventional treatment processes to upgrade the water quality of wastewater to reusable standards. When RO was first introduced to produce water closer to drinking water quality from wastewater, a conventional treatment process was employed as pretreatment to the RO. A typical conventional pretreatment configuration would include flocculation, lime or alum clarification, recarbonation, settling, filtration, and activated-carbon adsorption. Biological activity is controlled by chlorination. 

The simplicity of membrane operation makes it an attractive option in the field of wastewater reclamation. 

W. R. Mills, Jr., S. M. Bradford, M. Rigby, and M. P. Wehner, Gronndwater recharge at the orange county water district. In Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse, A. Takashi (ed.), Technomic Pnblishing, Lancaster, PA, pp. 1105-1142 (1998). 

Membrane technology used in water reclamation includes five major membrane types reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, microfiltration, and liquid membranes. These five types of membranes are discussed briefly, and examples of their applications in municipal and industrial wastewater reclamation is also described. 

With the advancement of membrane technologies and engineering in the integration of MF, UF, NF, and RO membrane systems, and possibly a liquid membrane system, wastewater reclamation can provide high quality water for underground water replenishment and direct household nonpotable use, and source water for ultra-pure water applications. Membrane technology provides several advantages over conventional treatment processes ... 

Membrane technology will play a major role in water treatment and wastewater reclamation, as indicated in Desalination and Water Purification Technology Roadmapp and will require continued research and development in ... 

In addition to wastewater effluent treatment regulations as a driving force for industrial wastewater treatment, other factors such as water and wastewater management costs, operation costs, and recovery and recycle of processing chemicals play critical roles in determining industrial wastewater reclamation needs and treatment processes. 

J. H. Ha, S. K. Ong, and R. Surampalli, "Nitrification and Denitrification in Partially Aerated Biological Aerated Filter (BAF) with Dual Size Sand Media, IWA Specialty Conference, Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse for Sustainability, Jeju, Korea, November 8-11, 2005. 

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