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Water, determination

Dielectric Behavior of Adsorbed Water. Determination of the dielectric absorption of adsorbed water can yield conclusions similar to those from proton NMR studies and there is a considerable, although older literature on the subject. Figure XVI-7 illustrates how the dielectric constant for adsorbed water varies with the frequency used as well as with the degree of surface coverage. A characteristic relaxation time r can be estimated... [Pg.588]

The hydrolysis by alkali is illustrated by the following experimental details for benzamido. Place 3 g. of benzamide and 50 ml. of 10 per cent, sodium hydroxide solution in a 150 ml. conical or round-bottomed flask equipped with a reflux condenser. Boil the mixture gently for 30 minutes ammonia is freely evolved. Detach the condenser and continue the boiling in the open flask for 3-4 minutes to expel the residual ammonia. Cool the solution in ice, and add concentrated hydrochloric acid until the mixture is strongly acidic benzoic acid separates immediately. Leave the mixture in ice until cold, filter at the pump, wash with a little cold water and drain well. RecrystaUise the benzoic acid from hot water. Determine the m.p., and confirm its identity by a mixed m.p. test. [Pg.799]

The mechanism of the alkylation reaction is similar to curing. The methylo1 group becomes protonated and dissociates to form a carbonium ion intermediate which may react with alcohol to produce an alkoxymethyl group or with water to revert to the starting material. The amount of water in the reaction mixture should be kept to a minimum since the relative amounts of alcohol and water determine the final equiHbrium. [Pg.324]

CN is the oldest and most important inorganic ester of cellulose. It is a white, ododess, and tasteless substance. It has found uses in plastics, lacquers, and explosives. CN is manufactured by treating cellulose with nitric acid in the presence of sulfuric acid and water. The amount of water determines the DS attained (11,48,49). [Pg.265]

Water Determination. The sample is refluxed with toluene and the resultant toluene—water a2eotrope is distilled iato a gradual water-trap receiver (Dean and Stark apparatus). Here the water and toluene separate iato two distinct layers, permitting the volume of water to be read and its percentage calculated. [Pg.220]

Example 13 Calculation of Makeup Water Determine the amount of makeup required for a cooling tower with the following conditions ... [Pg.1165]

Determination of water of different materials is one of the important tasks of the analytical chemistry. For water determination in organic solvents physical-chemical methods use side by side with the classic titration method by Karl Fisher. In particular, gas chromatography (GC), distinguished its universality and selectivity, is used. However, GC usually used for determination of relatively large quantity of water. [Pg.216]

Exhaustion The state in which the adsorbent is no longer capable of useful ion exchange the depletion of the exchanger s supply of available ions. The exhaustion point is determined arbitrarily in terms of (1) a value in parts per million of ions in the effluent solution and (2) the reduction in quality of the effluent water determined by a conductivity bridge which measures the resistance of the water to the flow of an electric current. [Pg.437]

Wasserbestimmung, /. water determination, wasserbewohnend,/. (Biol.) aquatic, Wasserbildung, /, formation of water, wasserbindend, a. combining with water ... [Pg.504]

Pollution of Air and water. Determine allowable limits for atmospheric vent as well as liquid wastes. Consider neutralization. Determine federal, state and local regulations and effect of climatic conditions on dispersion. [Pg.46]

If it is desired to determine both the calcium and the magnesium in a sample of water, determine first the total calcium and magnesium content as above, and calculate the result as parts per million of CaC03. [Pg.333]

Procedure. Prepare a series of calcium ion solutions covering the concentration range 0-4 pg per 25 mL by adding sufficient of the 40 mg L 1 calcium standard to 25 mL graduated flasks each containing 5.0 mL of 0.4M potassium hydroxide solution and 1 mL of calcein solution. Dilute each to 25 mL using de-ionised water. Determine the fluorescence for each solution at 540 nm with excitation at either 330 nm or 480 nm, and plot a calibration curve. [Pg.739]

C03-0136. A chemist needs a solution that contains aluminum ions, sodium ions, and sulfate ions. Around the lab she finds a large volume of 0.355 M sodium sulfate solution and a bottle of solid AI2 (804)3 18 H2 O. The chemist places 250. mL of the sodium sulfate solution and 5.13 g of aluminum sulfate in a 500-mL volumetric flask. The flask is filled to the mark with water. Determine the molarity of aluminum ions, sodium ions, and sulfate ions in the solution. [Pg.197]

Turekian, K.K., Cochran, J.K. and Krishnaswami, S. (1981) The flow rates of Galapagos spreading center hydrothermal waters determined with natural radionuclides. EOS, 62, 914. [Pg.403]

IsENGAED, H-D (1995) Rapid Water Determination in Foodstuffs. Trends in Food Sci Technol 5 155-162. [Pg.45]

The method for chloroacetanilide soil metabolites in water determines concentrations of ethanesulfonic acid (ESA) and oxanilic acid (OXA) metabolites of alachlor, acetochlor, and metolachlor in surface water and groundwater samples by direct aqueous injection LC/MS/MS. After injection, compounds are separated by reversed-phase HPLC and introduced into the mass spectrometer with a TurboIonSpray atmospheric pressure ionization (API) interface. Using direct aqueous injection without prior SPE and/or concentration minimizes losses and greatly simplifies the analytical procedure. Standard addition experiments can be used to check for matrix effects. With multiple-reaction monitoring in the negative electrospray ionization mode, LC/MS/MS provides superior specificity and sensitivity compared with conventional liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) or liquid chromatography/ultraviolet detection (LC/UV), and the need for a confirmatory method is eliminated. In summary,... [Pg.349]

D GC/MS method (for water) determines buprofezin in water samples. [Pg.1271]

The generation of iodine coulometrically at the anode has an extensive application in the Karl Fischer (KF) technique of water determination. The current... [Pg.673]

Considering the related Mettler DL 40 and DL 40 RC MemoTitrators, the DL 40 can be used for ten different volumetric and potentiometric methods titration to a pre-selected absolute (EPA) or relative (EPR) end-point equilibrium titration (EQU)-recording titration (REC)-incremental titration (INC) Karl Fischer water determination (KF)-controlled dispensing (DOSE) pH and pX measurements (pX/E) multi-level titrations and back-titrations with automatic calculation (CALC) and manual titration (MAN)-automatic calibration of electrodes (CAL). [Pg.341]

Although the E 636 allows Karl Fischer water determinations, as any other titration, a separate microprocessor-controlled 658 KF processor has been developed, and there is also the microprocessor-controlled 652 KF coulometer (see pp. 221-222). [Pg.344]

The relative wettability of soil by oil and water determines the relative affinity of soil to oil and water, which in turn determines the level of retention of oil or water in the soil. A soil is hydrophilic (i.e., it has water affinity) if water has more affinity to the soil than the oil, although soil may also to a certain degree be somewhat wetted by oil. A soil is called hydrophobic if oil has more affinity to the soil than water. [Pg.697]

Anion-free water determined by using a chloride ion electrode agrees well with data given in the literature. (2) A new equation has been proposed for the bound water calculation. (3) The mobility of the anion-free water was found to be affected by pressure, porosity and electrolyte concentration. (4) Compaction experiments indicated that the anion-free water will not move until all the bulk water has been removed. (5) It is possible to increase the ratio of bound water to bulk water in a sample through compaction experiment. [Pg.605]

A variant of the Karl-Fischer water determination was described [40], By heating the drug substance, the contained water was transferred into a titration cell by a carrier gas. The automated system consisted of an oven sample processor and a coulometer. [Pg.84]

Yang et al. [12] determined the ionization constants of primaquine by a titrimetric method and studied its coordination ratio with vitamin C. The ionization constants of primaquine in 50% (v/v) ethanol in water determined at 25 °C in the ionic strength range of 5 x 10 to 5 x 10-2 mol/L are given. The coordination ratio of primaquine to vitamin C is determined by continuous variation and mole ratio methods based on pH and conductance measurements to be 1 1, indicating that the coordination compound formed in the solution is mainly a 1 1 compound. [Pg.175]

If 1000 kg/h of benzene is discharged to water, as in the second row, there is predictably a much higher concentration in water (by a factor of over 2000). There is reaction of 546 kg/h in water, advective outflow of 134 kg/h and transfer to air of 320 kg/h with negligible loss to sediment. The amount in the water is 134000 kg thus the residence time in the water is 134 h and the overall environmental residence time is a longer 140 hours. The key processes are thus reaction in water (half-life 170 h), evaporation (half-life 290 h) and advective outflow (residence time 1000 h). The evaporation half-life can be calculated as (0.693 x mass in water)/rate of transfer, i.e., (0.693 x 133863)/320 = 290 h. Clearly, competition between reaction and evaporation in the water determines the overall fate. Ninety-five percent of the benzene discharged is now found in the water, and the concentration is a fairly high 6.7 x 10 g/m3, or 670 ng/L. [Pg.36]


See other pages where Water, determination is mentioned: [Pg.1093]    [Pg.1094]    [Pg.300]    [Pg.153]    [Pg.169]    [Pg.300]    [Pg.1093]    [Pg.1094]    [Pg.37]    [Pg.183]    [Pg.322]    [Pg.595]    [Pg.596]    [Pg.596]    [Pg.597]    [Pg.456]    [Pg.414]    [Pg.19]    [Pg.43]    [Pg.410]    [Pg.428]    [Pg.441]   
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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.851 , Pg.852 , Pg.853 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.2 , Pg.2 , Pg.65 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.176 , Pg.177 , Pg.178 ]




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Acrylics, determination Water

Analytical Methods for the Determination of Uranium in Drinking Water

Bound Water Content of Polymers Determined by TG

Bromate, determination water

Bulk water determination

Cadmium determination water

Clustered water, determination

Colorimetric determination of formaldehyde in water

Copper determination water

Critical solution temperature application to determination of water

Determination in natural water

Determination of Ion Exchange Capacity and Water Content

Determination of antioxidants in water

Determination of lead in tap water

Determination of micropollutants in waters

Determination of nitroaromatics and higher-boiling halogenated compounds in water

Determination of phenols in water (see also Section

Determination of physical and chemical water characteristics

Determination of plasticizers in water

Determination of water

Determination of water content

Determination of water content in bitumen emulsions - azeotropic distillation method

Determination of water in bitumen by distillation method

Determination of water soluble carbohydrate by autoanalysis

Determination of water with the Karl Fischer reagent

Determining Solubility of Air in Water

Determining the Freezing Point of Water

Dew-Point Method for the Determination of Water Activity

Drinking water factors determining lead concentration

Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Determination of Trace Metals in Sea Water with On-line Sorbent Extraction Separation and Preconcentration

Experiment 14 Determination of Water Hardness

Experiment 21 The Determination of Phosphorus in Environmental Water

Experiment 22 Determination of Nitrate Nitrogen in Water

Experiment 23 Determination of Nitrate in Drinking Water by UV Spectrophotometry

Factors Determining the Lead Concentration in Drinking Water

Food water content determining methods

Generator column method, water solubility determination

Gravimetric Determination of Water by Drying and Weighing

HPLC determination of synthetic dyes in foods, food products and waters

Inorganic compounds determination, water samples

Karl Fischer determination of water

Karl Fischer method for determination of water

Karl Fischer water determination technique

Labeled Water Technique for Determining Energy Expenditure

Mercury determination water

Metal powders, water determination

Methods for the Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water

Methyl alcohol determination of water

Nickel determination water

Noncovalent Interactions That Determine the Structure of a Protein Molecule in Water

Octanol-water partition coefficient determination

Organic compounds determination, water samples

Precipitation waters, hydrogen peroxide determination

Quantitative water determination

Radionuclide determination in water

Residual water determination

River water, peroxide determination

Salt effects, determining water

Salt effects, determining water micelles

Shake-flask method water solubility determination

Spectrophotometric Determination of Anionic Surfactants in Water with On-line Solvent Extraction

Structural water, determination

Surface waters, determination

Surface waters, determination chemistry

System for the determination of phenoxyalkane carboxylic acids in water

System for the determination of phenylurea and herbicidal carbamates in water

Systematic determination of highly volatile halogenated hydrocarbons (HHC) in water samples using gas chromatography

Water Content Determination

Water Depth Determination

Water Determination Karl Fischer Titrimetric Method

Water Determination Toluene Distillation Method

Water Karl Fisher determination

Water NIRA determination

Water ammonia determination

Water chloride determination

Water content determination procedure

Water determination, Karl Fischer

Water determining freezable

Water dissolved oxygen, determination

Water hardness EDTA determination

Water iron determination

Water magnesium determination

Water oxygen determination

Water pesticide determination

Water pickup determination

Water quality determination, international

Water solids determination

Water solubility determination

Water solubility determination described

Water solubility determination methods

Water solubility, determinant

Water sulphide determination

Water uptake determination

Water, determination Waters, concentrated

Water-continuous emulsions, determining

Water-continuous emulsions, determining dispersed phase

Water-insoluble weak bases, determination

Water-solid interactions determination ways

Water-soluble vitamins multivitamin determination

Water-soluble vitamins simultaneous determination

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