Surface waters, determination chemistry

Temerev, S.V. and Yu Kondakova, I. (2006) Determination of arsenic in surface waters of the Ob River basin. Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 61(2), 186-89. 

Evans C. D., Monteith D. T., and Harriman R. (2001c) Longterm variability in the deposition of marine ions at west coast sites in the UK acid waters monitoring network impacts on surface water chemistry and significance for trend determination. Sci. Tot. Environ. 265, 115-129. 

A direct geochemical check on the particle flux of organic matter from the euphotic zone determined by sediment traps is achieved by using the mass balance of thorium isotopes in surface waters. Since decay systematics and chemistry of the uranium series isotopes were introduced in Chapter 5, we will only briefly reiterate them here. is relatively unreactive in oxic seawater and exists in the ocean as a conservative element, i.e. the concentration normalized to salinity is everywhere the same to within measurement error. decays to which is very reactive to particles and has a relatively short radioactive half life of 24.1 d ... 

J.M. Matt, K.A. Larkin, R.Q. Harrison, Determination of Isoproturon in Ground and Surface Water by Enzyme Immunoassay , Book of Abstracts, Eighth lUPAC International Congress of Pesticide Chemistry, Washington, DC, Abstract 47,1994. 

COD is defined as the quantity of a specified oxidant that reacts with a sample under controlled conditions. The quantity of oxidant consumed is expressed in terms of its oxygen equivalence. COD is expressed in mg/L O2. In environmental chemistry, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) test is commonly used to indirectly measure the amount of organic compounds in water. Most applications of COD determine the amount of organic pollutants found in surface water (e.g. lakes and rivers), making COD a useful measure of water quality. 

We have already described in Section 5.5 6 how the soil structure and chemistry, bedrock type, presence of clay etc., determines buffering capacity to inputs of acid precipitation, and also how the leaching out of base cations and other metal ions from soil into soil solution takes place. This process is the main factor influencing the overall buffering capacity of a catchment and the subsequent hydrogen ion and other cation and anion inputs into surface waters. 

Sampling is often the most critical stage. Systematic errors introduced here can make the whole analysis useless and may create the paradoxical situation, that with effort and diligence completely irrelevant, because inaccurate, data will be determined very precisely. Thus, sampling for trace metal chemistry of natural waters requires specially designed techniques and sampling devices. The technical requirements are much more stringent for deep water. Suitable and reliable techniques have been developed meanwhile for surface waters[14,29] and deep waters[30,31]. 

The RAINS Lake Model RLM (Kam and Posch, 1987) assumes that only a few reactions between the soil and soil solution need to be considered to describe surface water chemistry. These include relationships between soil base saturation and soil solution pH and between the soUd and liquid phases of aluminium. The change in base cations and therefore base saturation is determined by the movements of acids and bases into and out of the soil. This change is defined as ... 

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