Negative-ion electrospray ionization

LC/MS/MS. LC/MS/MS is used for separation and quantitation of the metabolites. Using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) in the negative ion electrospray ionization (ESI) mode, LC/MS/MS gives superior specificity and sensitivity to conventional liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) techniques. The improved specificity eliminates interferences typically found in LC/MS or liquid chro-matography/ultraviolet (LC/UV) analyses. Data acquisition is accomplished with a data system that provides complete instmment control of the mass spectrometer. 

Wu, Z. Jernstroem, S. Hughey, C. A. Rodgers, R. R Marshall, A. G. Resolution of 10,000 compositionally distinct components in polar coal extracts by negative-ion electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance. Mass Spectrom. Ener. Fuels 2003,17, 946-953. 

Cataldi TRI, Rubino A, Lelario F, Bufo SA (2007) Naturally occurring glucosinolates in plant extracts of rocket salad (Eruca Sativa L.) identified by liquid chromatography coupled with negative ion electrospray ionization and quadrupole ion-trap mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 21 2374-2388... 

Figure A.3A.3 LC/MS analysis of a dietary supplement consisting of extract of Trifolium pratense (red clover). Reversed-phase C18 HPLC and negative ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry were used with a quadrupole mass spectrometer analyzer (Agilent also see Table A.3A.1). The map illustrates the abundance of information provided by this hyphenated technique with HPLC mass chromatograms in one dimension and mass spectra in another dimension.

AJP Hofte, RAM van der Hoeven. Characterization of hop acids by liquid chromatography with negative ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J Am Soc Brew Chem 56 118-122, 1998. 

Carbon dioxide protected pyrroles and indole (carbamates), generated by treatment of the iV-lithiated heterocycles with gaseous CO2, can be easily tracked by negative ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) revealing invariable loss of CO2 from the anion <2002JMP541>. 

The cyanocuprates of thiophene have been discussed earlier <1996CHEC-II(2)491>. An attempt has been made to use negative ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for obtaining information on the solution composition of organocuprates such as 225 and 226 in THF <19990M1571>. 

Ghassempour, A. et al. Monitoring of N-nitrosodiethanolamine in cosmetic products by ion-pair complex liquid chromatography and identification with negative ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A. 2008, 1185,43-48. 

The presence of pentosyUiexosides, trisaccharides and tetrasaccharides has been reported in different wines using positive- and negative-ion electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (Cooper and Marshall 2001). Nevertheless, at present there are still a number of minor carbohydrates in wines without a conclusive identification. 

Positive-ion APCI was preferred by Petrovic and Barcelo [33] in the analysis of AEO and NPEO, while phenols and (halogenated) NPEC were analysed as deprotonated molecules by negative-ion electrospray ionization. 

CE/MS was used by Loos et al. for the analysis of polar hydrophilic aromatic sulfonates in wastewater treatment plants. Compounds were detected by negative ion electrospray ionization (NIESI) and selected by ion monitoring. In comparison with CE/UV, sensitivity was slightly better for CE/MS, but LC/MS proved more sensitive than CE/MS. 

Kidwell, H., Jones, J. J., and Games, D. E., Separation and characterization of five polar herbicides using countercurrent chromatography withy detection by negative ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 15, 1181-1186, 2001. 

With negative ion electrospray ionization of p hydroxyphenylpentazole and laser desorption ionization of /(-dimethylaminophenylpentazole, it was possible to cleave the C-N bond between the aromatic substituent and the pentazoie in R-N5 and to observe the pentazoie anion mass spectrometrically. 

W. Chai, V. Piskarev, and A. M. Lawson, Branching pattern and sequence analysis of underivatized oligosaccharides by combined MS/MS of singly and doubly charged molecular ions in negative-ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, J. Am. Soc. 

Ablajan K, Abliz Z, Shang XY, He JM, Zhang RP, Shi JG. Structural characterization of flavonol 3,7-di-O-glycosides and determination of the glycosylation position by using negative ion electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J Mass Spectrom 2006 41 352-360. 

Hgure 5 Negative ion electrospray ionization mass spectrum of calmodulin (SOiimoll ) in the presence of melittin (SOnmoll ) and lOOiimoll calcium acetate, pH 5.7. Ions in the range between m/z 900 and 1600 represent uncomplexed calmodulin and ions in the range between m/z 1700 and 3000 represent the noncovalent calmodulin/melittin complex. (Reprinted by permission of Elsevier from Low temperature aqueous electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of noncovalent complexes by Veenstra TD, Tomlinson AJ, Benson L, Kumar R, and Naylor S, Journal of the American Society of Mass Spectrometry 9 580-584, 1998, by the American Society for Mass Spectrometry.)... 

Muddiman DC, Null AP, and Hannis JC (1999) Precise mass measurement of a double stranded 500 base-pair (309 kDa) polymerase chain reaction product by negative ion electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 13 1201-1204. 

Harvey, G. J. and Dunphy, J. C. Characterisation of cationic, anionic, and nonionic surfactants by positive and negative ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Proceedings of the 40th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, Washington, DC, May 31-June 5, 1992. 

Hsu, F.-F. and Turk, J. (2002) Characterization of ceramides by low energy collisional-activated dissociation tandem mass spectrometry with negative-ion electrospray ionization. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 13, 558-570. 

Yamagaki, T. Sato, A. Isomeric oligosaccharides analysis using negative-ion electrospray ionization ion mobility spectrometry combined with coUision-induced dissociation MS/MS. Anal. Sci. 2009, 25, 985-988. 

Zhu, J. Cole, R.B. Formation and Decompositions of Chloride Adduct Ions, [M-hC1], in Negative Ion Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2000,11. 932-941. 

Parejo, 1., Jauregui, O., Sanchez-Rabaneda, F. et al. (2004) Separation and characterization of phenolic compounds in fennel Foeniculum vulgare) using liquid chromatography-negative ion electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. /. Agric. Food Chem., 52, 3679-3687. 

Cole, R. B. Zhu, J. H. Chloride ion attachement in negative ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 1999,75(7), 607-611. Appfel, a. Chakel, J. A. Fischer, S. Lichtenwalter, K. Hancock, W. S. Analysis of oligonucleotides by HPLC-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Ana/. Chem. 1997, 69(7), 1320 1325. 

Kumar,M.R. Prabhakae,S. Kumar,M.K. Reddy,T. J. Vairamani, M. Negative ion electrospray ionization mass spectral smdy of dicarboxyUc acids in the presence of hahde ions. Rapid CommurL Mass Spectrom. 2004, 18, 1109-1115. 

Wu, Z., Gao, W., Phelps, M.A., et al. (2004) Favorable effects of weak acids on negative-ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Analytical Chemistry, 76,839-847. 

---