Wastewater, petroleum refinery

USY, PfNi isomerisation catalyst I4-P-36 Wastewater, petroleum refineries 30-P-20... 

Petroleum refinery wastewater system VOC emissions (Subpart QQQ)... 

Raw material input to petroleum refineries is primarily crude oil however, petroleum refineries use and generate an enormous number of chemicals, many of which leave the facilities as discharges of air emissions, wastewater, or solid waste. Pollutants generated typically include VOCs, carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur oxides (SOJ, nitrogen oxides (NOJ, particulates, ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulfide (HjS) metals, spent acids, and numerous toxic organic compounds. 

Landfill leachate or gas condensate derived from listed waste. Landfill leachate and landfill gas condensate derived from previously disposed wastes that now meet the listing description of one or more of the petroleum refinery listed wastes would be regulated as a listed hazardous waste. However, U.S. EPA temporarily excluded such landfill leachate and gas condensate from the definition of hazardous waste provided their discharge is regulated under the CWA. The exclusion will remain effective while U.S. EPA studies how the landfill leachate and landfill gas condensate are currently managed, and the effect of future CWA effluent limitation guidelines for landfill wastewaters. 

Petroleum refinery wastewater treatment sludges (F037 and F038)... 

Proceedings of the Second Open Forum on Management of Petroleum Refinery Wastewater," Environmental Protection Agency, EPA 600/2-78-058, March 1978. 

Pfeffer FM. 1979. The 1977 screening survey for measurement of organic priority pollutants in petroleum refinery wastewaters. ASTM Spec Tech Publ, 181-190. 

Wastewater is treated in on-site wastewater treatment facilities and then discharged to publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) or discharged to surface waters under National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits. Petroleum refineries typically utilize primary and secondary wastewater treatment. 

The sources of wastewater generation in petroleum refineries have been discussed previously in this chapter. Table 5 presents a qualitative evaluation of wastewater flow and characteristics by fundamental refinery processes [5]. The trend of the industry has been to reduce wastewater production by improving the management of the wastewater systems. Table 6 shows waste-water loadings and volumes per unit fundamental process throughput in older, typical, and newer technologies [15]. Table 7 shows typical wastewater characteristics associated with several refinery processes [16]. 

Three categories of regulatory limitations apply to wastewater discharge from industrial facilities such as oilfields and petroleum refineries [20]. The first category includes effluent limitations, which are designed to control those industry-specific wastewater constituents deemed significant from the standpoints of water quality impact and treatability in conventional treatment systems. In the United States, these limitations are the EPA Effluent Guidelines, issued under Public Law 92-500. 

Ford, D.L. Manning, F.S. Treatment of petroleum refinery wastewater. In Carbon Adsorption Handbook Cheremisinoff, P.N., Ellerbusch, F., Ed. Ann Arbor Science Ann Arbor, Ml, 1978. Patterson, J.W. Industrial Wastewater Treatment Technology, 2nd Ed. Butterworth Boston, 1985. Hutton, D.G. Robertaccio, F.L. Waste water treatment process. U.S. Patent 3,904,518, September 9, 1975. 

Rizzo, J.A. Case history Use of powdered activated carbon in an activated sludge system. First Open Forum on Petroleum Refinery Wastewaters, Tulsa, OK, 1976. 

Nurdogan, Y. Schroeder, R.P. Meyer, C.L. Selenium removal from petroleum refinery wastewater. Proceedings, 49th Purdue Industrial Waste Conference, West Lafayette, IN, 1994. 

Heimbigner, B. Water and wastewater treatment in petroleum refineries. Presented at the Plock Refinery, Poland, June, 1999. 

CF Systems has constracted several commercial-scale systems and has installed them at wastewater, industrial, and petroleum refinery sites. They currently only offer solvent extraction for food processing waste streams. 

Petroleum Refinery. Since 1994, BIO-INTEGRAHON technology has been used to treat a mixed-liquor wastewater at a Gulf Coast petroleum refinery. The cost of the treatment system is estimated to cost 200 to 300 per week, as compared to previous disposal costs of 3300 per week (D17796C, p. 6). 

According to the vendor, the Thermatek thermal desorption system is no longer being used for soil remediation. The Thermatek thermal desorption system is commercially available for use in recovering oil product from wastewater treatment sludges in petroleum refineries. 

Other sources of silver release to surface waters include textile plant wastewater effluent (Rawlings and Samfield 1979) petroleum refinery effluents (Snider and Manning 1982) and quench water and fly ash scrubber water efflunents from municipal incinerators (Law and Gordon 1979). Silver was detected in 7 of 58 (12%) samples from the National Urban Runoff Program survey (Cole et al. 

Wagner M, Nicell JA. Peroxidase-catalyzed removal of phenols from a petroleum refinery wastewater. Water Sci Technol 2001 43(2) 253-260. 

Phenols are aromatic compounds present in wastewaters from agricultural and industrial activities, especially coal and petroleum refineries and plastics, resins, dyes, ceramic, and forestry industries [6, 124]. Phenols reduce the concentration of DO in water [125]. This fact makes them toxic to some aquatic species at low concentrations furthermore, some of them are suspected to be carcinogenic [6] and add odor and taste to drinking water [126]. 

EPA. VOC Emissions from Petroleum Refinery Wastewater Systems—Background Information for Proposed Standards, EPA-450-3-85-001a, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 1985a. 

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