Waste preparation

Kreitler, C.W., Akhter, M.S., and Donnelly, A.C.A., Hydrologic-Hydrochemical Characterization of Texas Gulf Coast Saline Formations Used for Deep Well Injection of Chemical Wastes, Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by University of Texas at Austin, Bureau of Economic Geology, 1988. 

Oberacker, D.A. Incineration options for disposal of waste pesticides. In Pesticide Waste Disposal Technology Bridges, J.S., Dempsey, C.R., Eds. Noyes Data Corporation Park Ridge, NJ, 1988. Eckenfelder, W.W., Jr. Industrial Water Pollution Control, 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill New York, 1989. McNally, R. Tougher rules challenge future for injection wells. Petrol. Eng. Int. 1987, July, 28-30. Zimpro, Inc. Report on Wet Air Oxidation for Pesticide Chemical Manufacturing Wastes, prepared for G. M. Jett, USEPA Rothchild Wisconsin, 1980. 

For this cost analysis, an estimate of site support facilities was also performed. These costs included monitoring and control offices, site enclosure, control and safety equipment, waste preparation, waste shipping and processing, employee facilities, foundations, and installation of utilities (D17156M, pp. 17-18). These costs are also summarized in Table 1. 

During development, evaluation of the consolidated materials was based primarily on two criteria, leachability and the concentration factor, i.e., the concentration of waste oxides on a volume basis. The concentration factor is directly affected by the residual porosity in a consolidated waste as well as by the dilution caused by the addition of consolidation aids. This factor can be as high as 1.2 g/cm3 for a fully dense ( 5 g/cm ) titanate waste prepared from the projected Barnwell plant solution composition. The factor is slightly lower for a titanate waste containing silicon and zeolite additions, which has a typical density of U.2 g/cm3. The leachability was determined by an "instantaneous leach test developed for fast, comparative evaluations of materials, the details of which are described elsewhere (l6). 

Two types of approach exist to study the behaviour of plastic mixtures during pyrolysis. On one hand, some authors [46] work on plastic waste mixtures while other authors [47] work on simulated mixed plastic waste prepared with a specific composition. The proportions of the different polymers are based on mean values related to real waste mixtures. 

This discussion is divided into four areas of study for energetic materials (EM) destruction primary destruction technologies waste preparation and feeding cost estimates and recycling. The discussion below summarizes the results of the projects conducted within these four areas. 

Table XVI. Enzymic Starch Isolation from Raw Waste Prepared by Disposer...

Morley, N., Slater, S., Russell, S., Tipper, M., Ward, G.D., 2006. Recycling of Low Grade Clothing Waste. Prepared for Defra Aylesbury, Uk, Oakdene Hollins Ltd Salvation Army Trading Company Ltd and Nonwovens Innovation Research Institute Ltd. 

EEA. Dangerous substances in waste. Prepared hy Schmid J, Elser A, Strobel R, ABAG-itm, Crowe M, EPA, Ireland. European Environment Agency, Copenhagen 2000. 

J. Brandrup, Requirements for plastic waste preparation of feedstock for petrochemical recycling, in The recycling of Plastics, Brandrup, Bittner, Michaeli, Menges editors. Chapter 5.1, C. Hanser Verlag Munich, Vienna, 1995... 

The amount and type of pretreatment, if any, shall be established in the conceptual design of the incineration system. The waste preparation or pretreatment... 

Waste preparation for liquid wastes may require filtration, settling to remove solid material and water, blending to obtain the optimum incinerable mixture, or heating to decrease viscosity. Solids may require shredding and screening. Atomization is commonly used to feed liquid wastes. Several mechanical devices, such as rams and augers, are used to introduce solids into the incinerator. 

J. Lehto, Sodium Titanate for Solidification of Radioactive Wastes- Preparation, Structure aiul Ion Exchaiige Properties, Academic Dissertation, Report Series in Radio chemistry, (5/1987), University of Helsinki, Firdand. 

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