Volatile potassium chloride

The volatilities of both zirconium tetrachloride and hafnium tetrachloride are very similar to each other at normal operating temperatures, and their separation by a simple distillation or fractional distillation operation is not viable. However, when the mixed chloride vapor is contacted with an eutectic molten salt mixture of aluminum chloride and potassium chloride, zirconium chloride is preferentially absorbed. The vapor pressure difference between zirconium and hafnium tetrachlorides is greatly enhanced over the molten... 

Inorganic residue is rinsed with diethyl ether. The combined ethereal extracts are added to the filtered solution and the mixture is concentrated to ca. 10 mL by evaporation of the solvent under reduced pressure. The residue is treated with a saturated solution of potassium chloride (KCI) (50 mL), extracted with dichloromethane (3 x 50 mL), and the combined extracts are dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate (Note 21). Removal of volatile material under reduced pressure gives an oil that is flash Chromatographed (silica, diethyl ether - petroleum ether 1 1) to afford 1.77 g (62%) of 2-0-benzyl-3,4-isopropylidene-D-erythrose (Note 22). 

The compound of chlorine with the combustible element of the clay (aluminum chloride) is volatile at a temperature which is not much above that of boiling water, it is somewhat yellowish, perhaps however from admixed carbon it is soft, but still has crystalline form, it absorbs water with avidity and dissolves therein with great ease and with evolution of heat. Rapidly heated with potassium amalgam, it is decomposed, potassium chloride and aluminum amalgam being formed. This amalgam is very quickly decomposed in contact with the atmosphere By distillation without contact with the... 

Molecular weights.—The composition of the alkali chlorides has been established by analyses. These salts contain alkali, R, and chlorine, Cl, in the proportion 1 1. Consequently, the mol. formulse are represented by RnCln. The difficult volatility of sodium chloride—contrasted with say mercuric chloride—suggests a complex molecule. W. Nernst 78 found the vapour density of both sodium and potassium chlorides, at 2000°, corresponded with the respective formula NaCl and KC1 for the vapours of these salts. L. Riigheimer found that the effect of sodium chloride on the b.p. of bismuth trichloride corresponded with the simple formula NaCl and E. Beckmann obtained a similar result from the effect of sodium, potassium, rubidium, and csesium chlorides on the f.p. of mercuric chloride. 

Fauveau and Le Paire 23 studied the anti-flash effect of potassium chloride and of other salts and concluded that the lowering of the temperature of the gas which undoubtedly results from their volatilization and dissociation is insufficient to account for the extinction of the flash. Prettre24 found that the chlorides of sodium and of lithium, and other alkali metal salts which are volatile, had the same effect as potassium chloride. He found that small amounts of potassium chloride, volatilized in mixtures of carbon monoxide and air, had a powerful anti-oxidant action and a correspondingly large effect in raising the temperature of inflammation of the gas. Some of his results are shown in the table below. He found that potassium chloride was without effect... 

When heated in fluorine a volatile fluoride is formed, and in chlorine a chloride is obtained, possibly the dichloride, RuC12. Ignition with potassium chloride in a current of chlorine yields potassium chlor-ruthenate, which is soluble in water. 

Potassium chloride is much more volatile than the chlorides of the alkaline earth metals. It is therefore possible to detect potassium in the lower oxidizing flame and the calcium, strontium, and barium in the fusion zone. 

Lithium chloride has been volatilized completely in a stream of hydrogen chloride at a white heat. These salts also volatilize in the hottest part of a Bunsen flame, and under these conditions R. Bunsen found potassium chloride volatilized 0 776 times as fast as the same amount of sodium chloride. T. H. Norton and D. M. Roth say 0 923 times as fast. The relative density of the vapour of sodium chloride has been determined. Potassium chloride loses weight six times more quickly when heated to bright redness in a stream of moist air than it does in dry air.i There is a slight loss by volatilization of salt entrdine avec la vafeur d eau, during the evaporation of aq. soln. of the alkali chlorides G. H. Bailey found that... 

B. Solution B, because potassium chloride is less volatile than sodium fluoride. 

Nature of the Suppression Effect of Caraway Seed. Since analytical data demonstrated that the addition of caraway seeds depleted volatile sulfur compounds in sauerkraut, this effect was studied using aqueous extracts of caraway seeds and authentic volatile sulfur compounds in model systems. Cell-free crude caraway seed extracts were prepared by blending the unheated spice seeds with chilled (ice water) potassium phosphate solutions (50 mM, pH 7) containing 0.1 M potassium chloride (1 5, w/w) in a cold room (4°C). Homogenates were then clarified by filtration and centrifugation as described by Chin (21). Data in Figure 7 shows that unheated and heat-treated crude caraway seed extracts (1 mL in a 3 mL buffered solution, pH 8) removed methanethiol (10 pg) from the headsapce in closed serum-type vials (120 mL) at 37 which indicated that both heat-stable and heat-labile entities in caraway seed were involved in the depletion of methanethiol. 

Lemery also described the volcanic sal ammoniac found near Vesuvius. When sal ammoniac is heated with lime, volatile spirit of sal ammoniac (ammonia) is formed, since quicklime, which is alkali, destroys the power of the acid of sea salt (sel marine acide) by which the volatile salt is in a manner enchained in the sal ammoniac . Water must be added otherwise the retort would burst, and when pouring out, turn your head to one side to avoid the very subtle vapour.The spirit is also made by distilling sal ammoniac with salt of tartar (potassium carbonate), when sel febrifuge (potassium chloride) is also formed, since this n est autre chose qu un melange de sel de tartre et de la partie fixe et acide du sel armoniac . ... 

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