Bismuth trichloride

The existence of bismuthine was first demonstrated by using a radioactive tracer, Bi (8). Acid treatment of a magnesium plate coated with Bi resulted in the hberation of a volatile radioactive compound. In subsequent experiments, magnesium bismuthide [12048-46-3], Mg Bi, was treated with acid the yield, however, was only one part of bismuthine for every 20,000 parts of bismuth dissolved. Attempts to prepare bismuthine by reduction of bismuth trichloride with a borohydride have not been particularly successful. Experimental quantities ate best prepared by disproportionation of either methylbismuthine [66172-95-0], CH Bi, or dimethylbismuthine [14381-45-4], C2H. Bi (7) ... 

Bismuth Trichloride. Bismuth(III) chloride is a colodess, crystalline, dehquescent soHd made up of pyramidal molecules (19). The nearest intermolecular Bi—Cl distances are 0.3216 nm and 0.3450 nm. The density of the soHd is 4.75 g/mL and that of the Hquid at 254°C is 3.851 g/mL. The vapor density corresponds to that of the monomeric species. The compound is monomeric in dilute ether solutions, but association occurs at concentrations greater than 0.1 Af. The electrical conductivity of molten BiCl is of the same order of magnitude as that found for ionic substances. 

Bismuth trichloride is usually prepared by chlorination of the molten metal or by dissolving bismuth metal in aqua regia evaporation of the solution yields the bismuth trichloride dihydrate [66172-88-1BiCl 2H20, and upon distillation, it decomposes to give anhydrous bismuth trichloride. The commercial product frequendy is not anhydrous. 

Bismuth trichloride shows considerable tendency to form addition compounds. Reaction with ammonia yields the colodess, easily volatili2ed bismuth trichloride triammine [66172-89-2] BiCl ANH, as well as the red, thermally unstable bismuth trichloride hemiammine [66172-90-5] 2BiCl2 NH. Compounds of formula BiCl NO, BiCl 2N02, and BiCl NOCl may be isolated these are stable in dry air but are decomposed by moisture. Bismuth... 

Triarylbismuthines have been synthesized by means of the Nesmeyanov reaction that employs an arenediazonium salt such as the tetrafluoroborate, a bismuth trihahde, and a reduciag agent (51). The decomposition of iodonium salts ia the preseace of bismuth trichloride and metallic bismuth also leads to the formation of triarylbismuthines, Ar Bi (52) ... 

Halobismuthines, Dihalobismuthines, and Related Compounds. Chloro-, dichloro-, bromo-, and dibromobismuthines are best prepared by the reaction of a tertiary bismuthine and bismuth trichloride or tribromide (7,43,45,46,104—107) ... 

Wismut-bleierz, n. schapbachite. -blende, /. bismuth blende, eulytite. -blUte, /. bismuth Ocher, bismite, -bromid, n. bismuth bromide, -butter, /. (Old Chem.) butter of bismuth (bismuth trichloride), -chlorid, n. bismuth chloride, bismuth trichloride, wismuten, v.t. solder with bismuth or bismuth solder. 

Bismuth ligands, 2,989-1061 bonding, 2,1030-1041 7i bonding, 2, 1033-1039 trigonal bipyramidal complexes, 2,1036 Bismuth line, 3,294 Bismuthotungstates, 3, 1042 Bismuth pentafluoride, 3, 292 Bismuth tribromide, 3, 291 Bismuth trichloride, 3, 290 Bismuth trifiuoride, 3, 290 Bismuth triiodide, 3,292 Bismuth trioxide, 3,284 2,2 -Bisphenol metal complexes color photography, 6,109 Bis(trimethylene)triamine metal complexes, 2, 49 4,4 -Bi-l, 2,4-triazolyl metal complexes, 2, 89 polymers... 

Regeneration of carbonyl compounds from the hydrazones (75-98%) [53] and from semicarbazones (55-90 %) [54] has also been achieved with bismuth trichloride. 

Ohki H, Wada M, Akiba K (1988) Bismuth trichloride as a new efficient catalyst in the aldol reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 29 4719 1720... 

Bismuth salts, 4 25 Bismuth sesquisulfide, 4 24 Bismuth subcarbonate, 4 36 Bismuth subgallate, 4 36 Bismuth subhalides, 4 19 Bismuth subnitrate, 4 36 Bismuth subsalicylate, 4 1, 36 medical applications of, 22 11-12 Bismuth(III) sulfate, 4 25 Bismuth(III) sulfide, 4 24 Bismuth sulfides, 4 24-25 Bismuth thiolates, 4 25 Bismuth-tin alloy waterfowl shot, 4 15 Bismuth triacetate, 4 25 Bismuth tribromide, 4 21 physical properties of, 4 20t Bismuth trichloride, 4 19-20 physical properties of, 4 20t Bismuth trifluoride, 4 19 physical properties of, 4 20t Bismuth trihalides, 4 19 Bismuth triiodide, 4 21-22 physical properties of, 4 20t Bismuth trinitrate pentahydrate, 4 25 Bismuth trioxide, 4 23-24 physical properties of, 4 20t Bismuth triperchlorate pentahydrate, 4 25... 

The reduction of nitroarenes to azoxy compounds ArN=N(0)Ar is promoted by bismuth trichloride/powdered zinc427. Aromatic amines are formed in excellent yields in the reduction of nitroarenes with BH3/NiCl2428 or nickel boride429. Acyl, ester, amide and cyano groups are not affected. Reaction of the nitro compounds RCH2N02 (R = Ph, Bz... 

In recent years, much work has been done on catalyzed and asymmetric cycloaddition reactions. In the presence of 5 mol% bismuth trichloride, the simple dienes 10 (R1 = R" = H R1 = H, R2 = Me or R1 = Me, R2 = H) react with diethyl mesoxalate to afford mixtures of the cycloadducts 11 and the products 12 of an ene-reaction (equation 13)11 12. 1,3-Cyclohexadiene and ethyl glyoxylate give solely the endo adduct 13 in 50% yield (equation 14)12. 

Different bismuth clusters are apparently formed in reactions between bismuth and bismuth trichloride-aluminum trichloride mixtures, from which the salts (Big) " (AICl4 )3, and (Bi8) + (AICl4 )2 have been isolated 43). A trigonal-bipyramidal structure was predicted for Big (a closo 6 skeletal bond pair system cf. C2B3Hg), and a square anti-prismatic structure for Bi8 , as appropriate for an arachno 8-atom, 11 skeletal bond pair cluster. Similar polyhedral shapes appear likely for other clusters not only of bismuth but also of other heavy main group metals (the anion Pbg ", for example, is isoelectronic with Bi9 " ). 

Le Roux C, Gaspard-Iloughmane H, Dubac J, Jaud J, Vignaux P (1993) New effective catalysts for Mukaiyama-aldol and -Michael reactions bismuth trichloride-metallic iodide systems. J Org Chem 58 1835-1839... 

The cross-coupling reaction of homoallylic alcohols with aldehydes in the presence of bismuth trichloride in solvent-free conditions under microwave irradiation generated 4-chloro-2,6-disubstituted tetrahydropyrans with high c/.v-diastereos-electivity [15]. The reaction of benzaldehyde with l-phenyl-3-buten-l-ol in the presence of bismuth trichloride under microwave irradiation gave the corresponding... 

Bismuth is stable to both dry and moist air at ordinary temperatures. At elevated temperatures, the vapors of the metal combine rapidly with oxygen, forming bismuth trioxide, Bi203. The element dissolves in concentrated nitric acid forming bismuth nitrate pentahydrate, Bi(N03)3 5H20. Addition of water to this salt solution precipitates an oxysalt, Bi203N205 2H20. Reaction with hydrochloric acid followed by evaporation of the solution produces bismuth trichloride, BiCB. 

---