Organic detection

Recently a biosensor as new airalytical tool for GMO (genetic modified organism) detection has been reported. 

Whereas the olfactory epithelium only detects airborne volatiles, Wysocki, Wellington and Beauchamp (1980) demonstrated that the VN organ detects involatile chemicals, which are actively pumped into it (vomeronasal pumping Meredith, Marques, O Connell and Stern, 1980). Although in vitro some volatiles are able... 

Probable Form of Dissemination Aerosol infected vectors (carrier organism). Detection in the Field None. 

DeMarini, D.M. Brooks, H.G. (1992) Induction of prophage lambda by chlorinated organics detection of some single-species/single-site carcinogens. Environ, mol. Mutag., 19, 98-111 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (1999) List ofMAK and BAT Values 1999 (Report No. 35), Weinheim, Wiley-VCH, pp. 41, 118... 

Contact plates are used when sampling regular or flat surfaces. The test is performed with RODAC (replicate organisms detecting and counting) plates, or contact plates, where the convex agar surface rises above the brim of the plate. 

On the basis of this work there is poor correlation between the detection of inorganic and organic FDR in casework, and organic detection appears to be more sensitive than the detection of inorganics. However, one of the cases examined (FI) was atypical and consisted of 100 exhibits consequently there are insufficient data to draw firm conclusions about the value of organic FDR detection. 

The first one is, through what mechanism could the organism detect the modulated carrier-wave Second, what sort of information could be carried by the wave ... 

DNA analysis is of growing importance for various purposes, such as transplantation of organs, detection of genetic diseases, investigation of the evolution of species, or identification of criminals in forensic science. 

Interestingly, it was shown that pentamidine slowly accumulates in and is slowly excreted from the major human organs detectable levels of pentamidine are present in some tissues as late as one year after the last dose. Tissue levels of pentamidine obtained in autopsy specimens from AIDS patients revealed that tissue accumulation was usually greater in liver, kidneys, adrenal glands, and spleen than in the lung. Nevertheless, there is no correlation between tissue levels and renal dysfunction, as measured by serum creatinine levels [149]. 

Trinh K, Storm DR (2003) Vomeronasal organ detects odorants in absence of signaling through main olfactory epithelium. Nat Neurosci 6(5) 519—525 Tsuboi A, Miyazaki T, Imai T, Sakano H (2006) Olfactory sensory neurons expressing class I odorant receptors converge their axons on an antero-dorsal domain of the olfactory bulb in the mouse. Eur J Neurosci 23(6) 1436-1444... 

Surely the science of chemistry will some day reconcile the sense of smell with a reductionist approach in terms of pure compounds. In the interim, this chapter seeks to raise two questions related to the one posed in the opening paragraph what can another organism detect by means of olfaction How might an odor be archived so as to convey it to posterity These questions address the issue of reproducibility of sensation. Unless we take the position that all sensory experiences are unique, some criterion must be advanced to assess whether two stimuli are perceived as similar. Ideally, this criterion should apply to other air-breathing vertebrates as well as ourselves, par-... 

If I can ascertain what another organism detects via olfaction, then I can perform experiments upon it, which cannot be performed on human subjects. The objective of such experiments—to find out how odor is coded—has yet to be achieved. Suppose the olfactory code were unraveled. Reproducing an odor would become a matter of replicating the pattern of neural responses without having to duplicate the chemical stimulus (much as cinematography appears to reproduce color without necessarily matching the complete spectroscopic profile of the original scene) (Robertson, 1992). 

Radiographic imaging studies evaluate the extent of disease involvement. A chest x-ray should be performed to rule out the presence of metastatic spread to the lungs. A CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis is often performed to evaluate hepatic and retroperitoneal involvement and occult abdominal and pelvic disease, and to determine the depth of tumor penetration into the bowel wall and/or invasion to adjacent organs. Detection of lymph node involvement with either smdy is limited by the difficulty of distinguishing inflammatory or reactive lymph nodes from those infiltrated with tumor. Because CT scans may not adequately detect peritoneal seeding, small distant lymph node metastasis, or liver metastasis in colon cancer, an occasional patient may... 

There are three basic methods which have been employed for evaluation of microbiological content on surfaces. These include ROD AC (Replicate Organism Detection and Counting) plates, swab testing, and agar overlay or rinse techniques. RODAC plates are the most commonly used of the surface monitoring methods. However, they are not suitable for irregular surfaces, in which case swab techniques are used. 

---