Vitamin polychlorinated biphenyls

Toxic compounds polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, organochlorine pesticides, chlorinated pesticides, dioxins, veterinary drug residues, hormone residues, aflatoxins, toxic compounds in shellfish. Compoimds of nutritional significance in foods vitamins, fat, lipids, carbohydrates, protein, energy-calorific value, proximates, dietary fibre, ash. Other compounds hormones in blood serum... 

I lallgrcn S, Sinjari T, Hakansson H, et al. 2001. Effects of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on thyroid hormone and vitamin A levels in rats and mice. Arch Toxicol 75(4) 200-208. 

Assaf-Anid, N.,Nies, L. Vogel, T. M. (1992). Reductive dechlorination cf a polychlorinated biphenyl congener and hexachlorobenzene by vitamin B12. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 58, 1057-60. 

Metabolites of polychlorinated biphenyls bind to the thyroxine binding site of transthyretin and, in doing so, impair the binding of RBP. As a result of this, there is free RBP-bound retinol in plasma, which is filtered at the glomerulus andhence lost in the urine. This may account for the vitamin A depleting action of polychlorinated biphenyls (Brouwer and van den Berg, 1986). 

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is a method that circumvents some problems associated with conventional separation techniques. Carbon dioxide, as an inert, inexpensive, nonflammable, and environmentally acceptable gas is the solvent of choice because of its moderate critical temperature and pressure (76). SFE has been used effectively to refine marine oils and remove cholesterol, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), Vitamin E, and other components (77). The disadvantages of this process include the use of extremely high pressures and the high capital cost. 

The quality of a refined oil is usually evaluated by traditional quality parameters such as a low residual FFA content, a high oxidative stability, a light color, and a neutral odor and taste. In addition, high-quality food oils should contain low transfatty acid (TEA) levels, high amounts of natural antioxidants and vitamins, low levels of polymeric and oxidized triacylglycerols, and no contaminants (pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls, etc.) (Tables 5 and 6). 

Ndayibagara, A. and P.A. Spear. Esterfication and hydrolysis of vitamin A in the liver of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and the influence of a coplanar polychlorinated biphenyl. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 122C 317-325, 1999. 

Chakraborty D, Bhattacharyva A, Chatterjee J, et al. 1978. Biochemical studies on polychlorinated biphenyl toxicity in rats Manipulation by vitamin C. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 48 22-31. 

Kakela R, Kakela A, Hyvarinen H, et al. 1999. Vitamins A, A2, and E in minks exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclor 1242) and copper, via diet based on freshwater or marine fish. Environ Toxicol Chem 18(ll) 2595-2599. 

Brouwer, A., P.J.H. Reijnders, and J.H. Koeman. 1989. Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-contaminated fish induces vitamin A and thyroid hormone deficiency in the common seal (Phoca vitulina). Aquat. Toxicol. 15 99-106. 

Micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC), a modified CE, enabled the separation of electrically neutral analytes. However, highly hydrophobic compounds including PAHs, corticosteroids, fat-soluble vitamins and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners could not be separated by MEKC in electrophoretic medium of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) [59]. The use of CDs to the SDS solution can remarkably improve the resolution of analytes. For example, a mixture of water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamin or esterom can be successfully separated by MEKC by the addition of y-CD in the SDS electrophoretic medium [60]. 

Overview. Polychlorinated Biphenyls. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Determination. Polymers Natural Rubber Synthetic Polyurethanes. Quality Assurance Quality Control Instrument Calibration Interlaboratory Studies Reference Materials Production of Reference Materials Method Validation Accreditation Clinical Applications Water Applications. Sample Handling Comminution of Samples Sample Preservation Automated Sample Preparation Robotics. Sampling Theory Practice. Solvents. Supercritical Fluid Chromatography Overview Applications. Vitamins Overview Fat-Soluble. 

A variety of interrelationships exist between nutrition and nervous disorders. Among the nutritional factors which may cause or contribute to certain nervous system disorders are energy, protein, lipid, minerals, and vitamins. Also many do toxins have detrimental effects on the nervous system for example, pesticides, ergot, mycotoxins, polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), neurotoxins, hallucinogens, and cholinesterase inhibitors. 

Botanical extracts such as lanolin. Aloe vera, Centella asiatica or glycyrrhetic acid are studied. Vitamins such as A, C, B5 and E have also been reported. Studies on the following compounds used as ingredients can also be found heterocyclic compounds, organic acids, thiocompounds, alkanolamines, amines, amino acids, alcohols, peroxides, amides, polymers, peptides and ceramides. Analytical methods to determine toxic compounds present as impurities or as by-products such as nitrosamines, phenols, pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, etc. have also been proposed in literature. 

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