Vinyl acetate toxicity

There is no specific treatment for vinyl acetate toxicity. Supportive and symptomatic treatment is recommended. 

Vinyl acetate has moderate acute toxicity if ingested. The LD q for oral ingestion in rats is 2.9 g/kg body weight for absorption through the skin, the LD q in rats is more than 5 mL/kg in 24 h. First-aid procedures to be followed in the event of overexposure to vinyl acetate are as foUow ... 

The use of poly(vinyl acetate) or copolymer emulsions eliminates the need for expensive, flammable, odorous, or toxic solvents and the need for the recovery of such solvents. They are easy to apply and the equipment is easy to clean with water, if done promptly. Emulsions also offer the advantage of high sohds content with fluidity, siace the viscosity of emulsions are iadependent of the molecular weight of the resia iu the particles. 

A further class of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer exists where the vinyl acetate content is of the order of 3 mole %. These materials are best considered as a modification of low-density polyethylene, where the low-cost comonomer introduces additional irregularity into the structure, reducing crystallinity and increasing flexibility, softness and, in the case of film, surface gloss. They have extensive clearance as non-toxic materials. 

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Toxicological Profile for Vinyl Acetate. TP-91-30, 140pp. US. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, 1992... 

Haskell Laboratory Report of Toxicity of Vinyl Acetate. Wilmington, DE, El DuPont de Nemours, January 1967... 

Bogdanffy MS, Tyler TR, Vinegar MB, et al Chronic toxicity and oncogenicity study with vinyl acetate in the rat in utero exposure in drinking water. Fundam Appl Toxicol 23 206-214, 1994... 

To a large extent, therefore, the toxicities of esters tend to be those of their hydrolysis products. Two physical characteristics of many esters that affect their toxicities are relatively high volatility, which promotes exposure by the pulmonary route, and good solvent action, which affects penetration and tends to dissolve body lipids. Many volatile esters exhibit asphyxiant and narcotic action. As expected for compounds that occur naturally in foods, some esters are nontoxic (in reasonable doses). However, some of the synthetic esters, such as allyl acetate, have relatively high toxicities. As an example of a specific toxic effect, vinyl acetate acts as a skin defatting agent. 

Vinyl acetate is slightly or moderately toxic to humans and animals. The vapor irritates the eyes starting with 20 ppm, while the detection threshold is reported to be about 0.5 ppm. Released into the environment the vinyl acetate evaporates easily, being degraded rapidly by photochemical reactions, as well as biodegraded by either anaerobic or aerobic mechanisms. Therefore, the bioaccumulahon of vinyl acetate in the ecosphere is unlikely. 

Processing with the styrene monomer requires that precautions have to be taken to ensure the proper removal and handling of this toxic material. Legal limits in the workplace have been set up by regulations. Other monomers used include diallyl phthlate (DAP), para-methylstyrene (PMS), vinyl acetate (VA), vinyl toluene (VT), adding paraffin wax, and styrene suppressant additive. Suppliers and fabricators continue to target in the reduction of styrene monomer quickly, effectively, and economically. A wide variation in properties can be obtained by changes in polyester formulation. 

Bliss, C.l. 1935b. The comparison of the dosage-mortality data. Ann. Appl. Bio. 22 307-333. Bogdanffy, M.S., R. Sarangapani, D.R. Plowchalk, A. Jarabek, and M.E. Andersen. 1999. A biologically based risk assessment for vinyl acetate-induced cancer and noncancer inhalation toxicity. Toxicol. Sci. 51(l) 19-35. 

SAFETY PROFILE A human poison by inhalation. Experimental poison by inhalation, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, and intravenous routes. Moderately toxic by ingestion and skin contact. Experimental reproductive effects. Corrosive. A severe skin and eye irritant. An allergen and sensitizer. Mutation data reported. Flammable liquid when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizers. Can react violently with acetic acid, acetic anhydride, acrolein, acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, aUyl chloride, CS2, chlorosulfonic acid, epichlorohydrin, ethylene chlorohydrin, HCl, mesityl oxide, HNO3, oleum, AgC104, H2SO4, p-propiolactone, or vinyl acetate. To fight fire, use CO2, dry chemical, alcohol foam. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx and NH3. See also AMINES. 

Na NaOH H2SO4 vinyl acetate HgO sodium tetrafluoro silicate n-phenyl azo piperidine. Incandescent reaction of liquid HF with oxides (e.g., arsenic trioxide, calcium oxide). Dangerous storage hazard with nitric acid + lactic acid nitric acid + propylene glycol (mixtures evolve gas which may burst a sealed container). Reacts with water or steam to produce toxic and corrosive fumes. When heated to decomposition it emits highly corrosive fumes of F . See also FLUORIDES. 

KCl), (KMn04 + H2O), p-propiolactone, RbHC2, propylene oxide, pyridine, Na, Na2C03, NaOH, steel, styrene monomer, water, vinyl acetate, (HNO3 + toluene). When heated it emits highly toxic fumes will react with water or steam to produce heat can react with oxidizing or reducing materials. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fiimes of SOx. See also SULFATES. 

To illustrate this point consider the production of lacquers for PVC films and sheeting. Such lacquers contain a PVC homopolymer or low-acetate vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, poly(methyl methacrylate), a plasticizer and perhaps some stabilizers, dulling agents (such as silica), pigments, and so on. Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) is the solvent of choice because it gives the best balance of low toxicity, volatility, and low cost. Any other solvent is effectively... 

Aluminum oxide should be kept well away from water. It is incompatible with strong oxidizers and chlorinated rubber. Aluminum oxide also reacts with chlorine trifluoride, ethylene oxide, sodium nitrate, and vinyl acetate. Exothermic reactions above 200°C with halocarbon vapors produce toxic hydrogen chloride and phosgene fumes. 

Vinyl acetate is moderately toxic when administered through ingestion, inhalation, and peritoneal injection. At low to moderate doses, it produces irritation at the point of contact. Prolonged dermal exposure may produce severe irritation and skin blistering. 

Vinyl acetate is rapidly metabolized in the body to acetaldehyde. In vitro studies have revealed similar toxic effects in cell cultures incubated in the presence of either vinyl acetate or acetaldehyde. These results suggest that the acetaldehyde is the ultimate toxic metabolite of vinyl acetate. 

Ingestion Vinyl acetate seems to have low toxicity when administered by ingestion. 

Lijinksy W, Reuber MD. 1983. Chronic toxicity studies of vinyl acetate in Fischer rats. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 68 43-53... 

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