VINYL TOLUENE

The nuclear substituted methyl styrenes have been the subject of much study and of these poly(vinyl toluene) (i.e. polymers of m- and /7-methylstyrenes) has found use in surface coatings. The Vicat softening point of some nuclear substituted methyl styrenes in given in Table 16.8. 

Because of its low price, compatibility, low viscosity and ease of use styrene is the preferred reactive diluent in general purpose resins. Methyl methacrylate is sometimes used, but as it does not copolymerise alone with most unsaturated polyesters, usually in conjunction with styrene in resins for translucent sheeting. Vinyl toluene and diallyl phthalate are also occasionally employed. The use of many other monomers is described in the literature. 

Resins from pure monomers. Some colourless resins can be produced from pure unsaturated monomers, such as styrene, oi-methylstyrene and vinyl-toluenes (Fig. 19). These monomers are used individually or as blends with terpenes or unsaturated aliphatics. 

Pure monomer. Nearly pure indene, a-methyl styrene, and vinyl toluene are polymerized to make pure monomer resins. These resins are an alternative to C9 resins. They offer nearly water white color and vastly reduced odor, but at higher cost. Softening points range as high as 155°C for polyindene, whereas C9 softening points are all below 120 C. 

Modified alkyd resins In this group one finds styrenated alkyds, vinyl toluenated alkyds, oil-modified vinyl resins, acrylic alkyds, silicone alkyds and polyurethane alkyds. The modifying component usually has a number of effects. It always increases the molecular weight of the alkyd polymer, and may impart hardness, durability, or chemical resistance. It also affects the solubility of the polymer in solvents. 

For almost all applications unsaturated polyesters are dissolved in an unsaturated monomer capable of free-radical polymerization with the unsaturations in polyester chains. This polymerizable comonomer is generally styrene, but other compounds, such as methyl methacrylate, vinyl toluene, a-methylstyrene, and diallylphthalate, are also used in some applications. Upon heating and in... 

Vinyl bromide Vinyl chloride Vinyl toluene Vinylidene chloride... 

In general, if condensation polymers are prepared with methylated aryl repeat units, free radical halogenatlon can be used to introduce halomethyl active sites and the limitations of electrophilic aromatic substitution can be avoided. The halogenatlon technique recently described by Ford11, involving the use of a mixture of hypohalite and phase transfer catalyst to chlorinate poly(vinyl toluene) can be applied to suitably substituted condensation polymers. 

Figure 11 shows the ATR-FTIR spectrum acquired from the surface of the white-colored paint sample after the paint had been dried. Figure 12 shows the closest spectral library database matches obtained Figure 13 compares the spectrum of the surface of the white-colored paint sample with that of a reference library spectrum of a vinyl toluene-modified alkyd. The binder from the dried... 

Figure 13 FTIR library spectral match of the spectrum acquired from the dried white-colored paint sample (top) compared with a dried vinyl toluene alkyd reference sample (bottom).

The FTIR spectrum for the dried paint resin does have a reasonable match score to and feature bands characteristic of an alkyd resin [5]. Due to the presence of fillers though, the spectral analysis did not allow for a high-quality match to be obtained. Removal of the fillers and subsequent FTIR analysis would provide the best spectroscopic result for the identification of the alkyd type and provide a better comparison to such as the reference vinyl toluene-modified alkyd. 

Synonym 2-methylstyrene, 2-vinyl toluene, omclhyl vinyl benzene... 

Synonym methylvinylbenzene, 4-vinyl toluene, p-methyl vinyl benzene... 

Cincinnati, Oh., 10th-12th May 1999, session 3-C LOWER USPE EMISSIONS BY VINYL TOLUENE MODIFICATIONS... 

The introduction of clean air act amendments in 1990, in the USA, may require changes in the formulation of polyester corrosion-resistant resins, which contained styrene, to reduce its emissions. Substitutions, including vinyl toluene which has a much lower vapour pressure, were evaluated. It was established that resin blends containing 15% vinyl toluene had corrosion resistant values comparable to those of styrene-based resins. 

Divinylbenzene Methyl vinyl ketone Vinyl toluene... 

Negative DUV resist systems have also been developed, some of which have demonstrated extremely high sensitivity. These include poly (butyl a-chloroacrylate) (55) which is reported to be at least 500 times as sensitive as PMMA and partially chlorinated, narrow dispersity poly(p-vinyl toluene) (84), which has been imaged at 0mJ/cm in contact print-... 

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