Vectors for delivery

Condensation polymers consisting of the Michael addition product of ami-noethylpiperazine with 1,4-butanediacrylate, (I), as illustrated in Eq. (2) were prepared by Liu et al. (2) and used as vectors for delivery of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) to a cell. 

Sabbioni S, Callegari E, Manservigi M, Argnani R, et al. 2007. Use of herpes simplex virus type 1-based amplicon vector for delivery of small interfering RNA. Gene Ther. 14 459 164. 

Zhao, J., Pettigrew, G. J., Thomas, J. et al. (2002). Lentiviral vectors for delivery of genes into neonatal and adult ventricular cardiac myocytes in vitro and in vivo. Basic Res. Cardiol. 97(5), 348-358. 

Zhang S, Zhao B, Jiang H, Wang B, Ma B (2007) Cationic Hpids and polymers mediated vectors for delivery of siRNA. J Control Release 123 1-10... 

The well-developed ways of validating R D, preclinical studies and clinical studies of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are applied with the appropriate modifications to the regulatory processes for small molecules, therapeutic proteins, proteins analogs, vectors for delivery and gene therapy, synthetic lipids, and other compounds derived from molecular biology. 

Farkhani, S.M., Valizadeh, A., Karami, H., Mohammadi, S., Sohrahi, N., Badrzadeh, F., 2014. Cell penetrating peptides efficient vectors for delivery of nanoparticles, nanocarriers, therapeutic and diagnostic molecules. Peptides 57, 78—94. 

Tomar RS, Matta H, Chaudhary PM (2003) Use of adeno-associated viral vector for delivery of small interfering RNA. Oncogene 22 5712-5715. 

Lipid-based carriers, polycationic lipids, polylysine, polyornithine, histones and other chromosomal proteins, hydrogel polymers, all of which can ionically condense DNA and bind to the cell surface are found to be ideal candidates for these vector type. But in the use of different types of cationic liposomes, cationic polymers and dendrimers as non-viral vectors for delivery of genes, it has been observed that in addition to cytotoxicity, these carriers do not lead to satisfactory amount of gene expression in the cells. The reasons are many, particularly, low endosomal escape, no protection of DNA from nuclease... 

Bogoyevitch M A, Kendrick T S, Ng D C H and Barr R K, Taking the cell by stealth or storm Protein Transduction Domains (PTDs) as versatile vectors for delivery , DNA Cell Biol, 2002 21 (12) 879-894. 

Eiedler M, Rodicker E, Salucci V, Lu M, Aurisicchio L, Dahmen U, Jun L, Dirsch O, Putzer BM, Palombo E, Roggendorf M (2004) Helper-dependent adenoviral vector-mediated delivery of woodchuck-specific genes for alpha interferon (IFN-alpha) and IFN-gamma IFN-alpha but not IFN-gamma reduces woodchuck hepatitis virus replication in chronic infection in vivo, J Virol 78 10111-10121... 

LW Seymour, K Kataoka, AV Kabanov. In PF AV Kabanov, LW Seymour, eds. Cationic Block Copolymers as Self-Assembling Vectors for Gene Delivery. Chichester, UK Wiley, 1998, pp 219-240. 

Paciotti, G.F., Myer, L., Weinreich, D., Goia, D., Pavel, N., McLaughlin, R.E. and Tamarkin, L. (2004) Colloidal gold a novel nanoparticle vector for tumor directed drug delivery. Drug Delivery, 11, 169-183. 

Roy, I., Ohulchanskyy, T.Y., Bharali, D.J., Pudavar, H.E., Mistretta, R.A., Kaur, N. and Prasad, P.N. (2005) Organically modified silica nanoparticles A non-viral vector for in-vivo gene delivery and expression. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102, 11539-11544. 

Davis PB, Cooper MJ (2007) Vectors for airway gene delivery. AAPS J 9 E11-E17... 

Fig. 12 CNTs act as a vector for drug delivery into living cells. After incubation of HeLa cells with AlexaFluor594-labeled SWNTs for 12 h at 37 °C, living cells were observed under confocal fluorescence microscope for a CNT uptake study, (a) Images show dual confocal detection of AlexaFluor594-SWNT (red) internalized into cells with the membrane stained by AlexaFluor488 (green), (b) Series of images of different z-focal scanning planes down through cells. (Adapted from [61])...

Goda, N., Tenno, T., Inomata, K., Iwaya, N., Sasaki, Y., Shirakawa, M., and Hiroaki, H. (2007) LBT/ PTD dual tagged vector for purification, cellular protein delivery and visualization in living cells. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1773, 141-146. 

The series of molecular events responsible for the uptake process constitutes the endocytic pathway, which enables cells to internalize macromolecules from the cell exterior, forming an endosome. The endosome is an intermediate organelle that serves as an essential component for many receptor-mediated signaling pathways and as a transport vector for eventual delivery to a specialized organelle known as the lysosome. Once in the lysosomal lumen, digestive enzymes provide essential metabolites from these macromolecules (i.e. free amino acids and lipids) directly to the cytosol for their use. 

Organically modified silica nanoparticles a nonviral vector for in vivo gene delivery and expression in the brain, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2005, 102, 11539. 

Distinguish the technologies based on gene therapy and cell therapy. Describe the use of vectors for gene delivery. Describe how cell rejection can be overcome in cell therapy. 

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