Woodchuck hepatitis virus

Eiedler M, Rodicker E, Salucci V, Lu M, Aurisicchio L, Dahmen U, Jun L, Dirsch O, Putzer BM, Palombo E, Roggendorf M (2004) Helper-dependent adenoviral vector-mediated delivery of woodchuck-specific genes for alpha interferon (IFN-alpha) and IFN-gamma IFN-alpha but not IFN-gamma reduces woodchuck hepatitis virus replication in chronic infection in vivo, J Virol 78 10111-10121... 

Zhu Y, CuUen JM, Aldrich CE, SaputelU J, MiUer D, Seeger C, Mason WS, JUbert AR (2004) Adenovirus-based gene therapy during clevudine treatment of woodchucks chronically infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus. Virology 327 26 0 zu Putlitz J, Wieland S, Blum HE, Wands JR (1998) Antisense RNA complementary to hepatitis B virus specifically inhibits viral replication. Gastroenterology 115 702-713... 

Because woodchuck hepatitis virus is similar to human hepatitis B, that rodent is a good animal model for the infection. McKenzie et al. followed the development in woodchucks of hepatocellular carcinoma arising from the infection over 6 months using P 2D MRSI. They attributed the increased ratio of PME/(3-NTP to increased cellular proliferation of the liver tumour. 

Donello, J.E., Loeb, J.E. and Hope, T.J. (1998) Woodchuck hepatitis virus contains a tripartite postranscriptional regulatory element. J. Virol, 72, 5085-5092. 

The types of transgenes used in lentiviral transgenesis are not dissimilar to the pronuclear ones described above. They usually contain a mammalian or viral promoter linked to the coding sequence of the gene of interest (Fig. 4.1B). There is, however, a natural limit to transgene size as virions can only encapsidate RNA molecules up to approximately 10 kb. Many retroviral vectors include a posttranscriptional regulatory element from woodchuck hepatitis virus to boost transgene expression (26). 

A. Ponzetto, L. Fiume, B. Forzani, S. Y. Song, C. Busi, A. Mattioli, C. Spinelli, M. Marinelli, A. Smedile, E. Chiaberge, et al., Adenine arabinoside monophosphate and acyclovir monophosphate coupled to lactosaminated albumin reduce woodchuck hepatitis virus viremia at doses lower than do the unconjugated drugs, Hepatology 74 16-24 (1991). 

F. E. Zahm, N. d Urso, F. Bonino, and A. Ponzetto, Treatment of woodchuck hepatitis virus infection in vivo with 2, -3 -dideoxycytidine (ddC) and 2, -3 -dideoxycyt-idine monophosphate coupled to lactosaminated human serum albumin (L-HSA ddCMP), Liver 76 88-93 (1996). 

A reference for this method is P. S. Venkateswaran, 1. Millman, and B. S. Blumberg, Effect of an extract from Phyllanthus niruri on hepatitis B and woodchuck hepatitis viruses in vitro and in vivo studies, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, 1987, 84, 274-278, which is incorporated herein by reference. 

O Gorman, M.A., Sharma, S., Groopman, J.D., Tennant, B.C., Toch-kov, I.A., Schwarz, K.B. Decreased oxidative DNA damage and accelerated cell turnover in woodchuck hepatitis virus infected liver. 247. Hepatol. Res. 2003 25 254-262... 

E456 Lasky, F.D., Parell, B. and Snyder, R. (1988). Use of a Kodak Ektachem DT analyzer to monitor chemical changes in marmota monax infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus. Clin. Chem. 34, 1196, Abstr. 213. 

Woodchuck hepatitis virus Hepatocellular carcinoma Woodchuck... 

In vitro, N-nonyl deoxynojirimycin (NN-DNJ 20) inhibits hepatitis B virus ability to construct its M envelope protein in human liver cells. Apparently, minor cellular carbohydrate processing disruption (6%)results in a greater than 99% reduction in the secretion of hepatitis B virus. In vivOy using the standard woodchuck model for HBV with the woodchuck hepatitis virus, treatment with NN-DNJ (20) induced a loss of viremia (70). Not unexpectedly after treatment ceased, viral titers returned to pretreatment levels. 

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) (125) belongs to hepadnavirus family of DNA-containing viruses that also include woodchuck hepatitis virus (126), ground squirrel hepatitis virus (127), duck hepatitis B virus (128), and heron hepatitis B virus (129). These viruses replicate primarily in the liver cells, and establish chronic infection in their respective hosts. In humans, primary... 

FEAU and FMAU were evaluated against woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHY) in chronically-infected woodchucks (an animal model of choice for evaluation of potential antihepatitis B virus agents in humans). 

Table VIII. Comparative Inhibitory Activities of Nucleoside Triphosphate Analogs on DNA Polymerases of Homan Hepatitis Virus (HBV) and Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus (WHV)...

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