Vapors, combustible

The chemical products from complete combustion of a hydrocarbon fuel are mainly C02 and H20 (vapor). Combustion of gaseous fuel in air can occur in two different modes - one where fuel and oxygen is mixed during the combustion process, and the other where fuel and air are premixed (gas condensing boilers) and the fuel concentration must be within the flammability limits. In general the premixed situation allows the fuel to burn faster, i.e. more fuel is consumed per unit time. 

In the indirect French process, metallurgically refined zinc metal is boiled and the generated vapors combust with air to form zinc oxide. Metallic zinc is the starting material of this latter process, making it more expensive than the American one. The French process is the preferred production method, however, because it yields a purer product. Volatile metals, such as lead and cadmium, are again the main impurities that can be found in zinc white. Complex purification methods, such as fractional distillation, have been devised to reduce the amount of these impurities to acceptable levels. 

This decision was a serious mistake. Many heat exchangers in this area were manufactured of a very corrosion-resistant but brittle graphite material. Other problems in January 1981 allowed a hot, vaporized, combustible heat-transfer oil into the system which normally only contained a nonflammable solvent and acidic gases. A graphite condenser head fractured, and a vapor cloud of combustible heat transfer fluid escaped, ignited and resulted in an intense fire on an upper deck. There were no injuries, but property damages exceeded 500,000 (U.S. 1981). 

More specifically, a case study, which outlines a vapor combustion approach to the handling of an odor problem during polyester primary production could also be usefully applied to other polymer producing facilities [42]. Recently it has been established that recycled PET resin may be reused without substantial loss of grade under the appropriate conditions, even for applications involving food contact [43, 44]. 

In fact, the prime rule of in-situ burning is that oils will ignite if they are at least 2 to 3 mm thick and will continue to burn down to slicks about 1 to 2 mm thick. This thickness is required in order to insulate the oil from the water. Sufficient heat is required to vaporize material so the fire will continue to burn. In very thin slicks, most of the heat is lost to the water and vaporization/combustion is not sustained. 

The analysis of many technological processes involving dissolution, extraction, vaporization, combustion, chemical transformations in dispersions, sedimentation of colloids, etc. are based on the solution of the problem of mass exchange between particles, drops, or bubbles and the ambient medium. For example, in industry one often deals with processes of extraction from drops or bubbles or with heterogeneous transformations on the surface of catalyst particles suspended in a fluid. The rate of extraction and the intensity of a catalytic process to a large extent are determined by the value of the total diffusion flux of a reactant to the surface of particles of the disperse phase, which, in turn, depends on the character of flow and the particle shape, the influence of neighboring particles, the kinetics of the surface chemical reaction, and some other factors. 

Phosphorus triselenide P4Se3 Skin irritant vapors Combustible solid ignites... 

The morphological pattern of the products of silicon vapor combustion in gaseous nitrogen at condensation synthesis with skeleton crystal formation as well as denchite growth of silicon nitride crystals in melted metal salts proves the existence of the nonequilibrium mechanism of structure formation in the case of SHS. The mechanism appears to be the basis of the conception of nanodispersed particle formation under the combustion mode [28]. 

Flammability and Explosibility Volatilization during combustion produces hazardous vapors. Combustion products contain nitrogen oxides. 

This decision was a serious mistake. Maity heat exchangers in this area were manufactured of a veiy corrosion-resistant but brittle graphite material. Other equipment problems allowed a hot, vaporized, combustible heat-transfer oil into the system... 

Tension Viscosity Vaporization Combustion Dielectric Dipole... 

Are industrial trucks that operate wha e flammable gases, vapors, combustible dust, or ignitable... 

Libby, P. and Blake, T. (1981) Burning carbon particles in the presence of water vapor. Combustion and Flame, 41, 123-147. 

Flash temperature (FT) Minimum temperature at which the pressure of the fuel vapor is sufficient for flame propagation. There is a standard test for FT determination 50 cm of liquid fuel heats slowly (l°C/min) until the moment at which fuel vapor combustion is triggered by an igniter. The term easily inflammable liquids refers to fuels with FT that does not exceed 100°C, and combustible liquids means that their FT exceeds 100°C. 

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