Combustion heat transfer

It is the energy equation that produces many more II groups through the processes of combustion, heat transfer, evaporation, etc. We will examine these processes. Figure 12.4... 

Is it possible to use utilities with lower hazards (e.g, low-pressure steam instead of combustible heat transfer fluid) ... 

BP and Kvaemer Process were finalizing the demonstration of their Compact Reformer Technology in 2001. This technology involves the integration of combustion, heat transfer and catalytic reaction within a simple tubular module. This reformer is about 30% lighter (in weight) than a conventional reformer of equivalent capacity90. 

Furnace coils heated a flowing combustible heat-transfer oil before this hot oil is distributed and routed through the shells of four heat exchangers (reboilers) (see Figure 5—1). One of the four heat exchangers required considerable repairs and was shut down. The system pump continued to circulate hot transfer oil at about 460° F (240° C) through the other three reboilers while repairs were underway on the faulty exchanger. [2]... 

A major fire erupted in a nonflammable solvents manufacturing unit in a U.S. Gulf Coast chemical complex. A furnace tube in a natural-gas-fired heater ruptured due to overheating. At least 1,800 gallons (6,800 liters) of a combustible heat transfer fluid spilled and burned intensely. Within about 25 minutes, the intense hot fire damaged four levels of structure and associated process equipment. The plant on-site emergency squad quickly and properly responded. However, the price tag for short-lived incident was over 1.5 million in direct property damage and over 4 million in business interruption (U.S. 1979). Fortunately, there were no injuries. [2]... 

An accidental fire interrupted the startup of a U.S. Gulf Coast Plant during a cold winter morning. The plant experienced 100,000 (U.S. 1978) of property damages. All it took to cause such extensive damage was less than 50 gallons (200 liters) of combustible heat transfer fluid. 

Plans were under way to return a reactor to service. This gaseous phase reactor requires a startup temperature in excess of 500° F (260° C). A natural gas—fired heater provides the heat energy to a circulating combustible heat transfer fluid and the heat transfer fluid flows through the reactor tubes until startup temperature is reached. 

This decision was a serious mistake. Many heat exchangers in this area were manufactured of a very corrosion-resistant but brittle graphite material. Other problems in January 1981 allowed a hot, vaporized, combustible heat-transfer oil into the system which normally only contained a nonflammable solvent and acidic gases. A graphite condenser head fractured, and a vapor cloud of combustible heat transfer fluid escaped, ignited and resulted in an intense fire on an upper deck. There were no injuries, but property damages exceeded 500,000 (U.S. 1981). 

IGO UNITS COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION. HEAT TRANSFER 3A.0... 

Baukal, C. E. Industrial Combustion Heat Transfer. Boca Raton, FL CRC Press, 2000. 

A major fire erupted in a nonflammable solvents manufacturing unit in a US Gulf Coast chemical complex. A furnace tube in a natural-gas-fired heater ruptirred due to overbeating the heat transfer fluid trapped in a stagnant tube. At least 1800 gallons (6800 L) of a combustible heat transfer fluid spilled and burned irrtensely. Within... 

This decision was a serious mistake. Maity heat exchangers in this area were manufactured of a veiy corrosion-resistant but brittle graphite material. Other equipment problems allowed a hot, vaporized, combustible heat-transfer oil into the system... 

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