Combustion vapor transport

These results show that droplet vaporization must be different between the three flames. Droplet and fuel vapor transport must be significantly different for these flames and must affect combustion efficiency. The solid-cone nature of the spray flame was found to be preserved irrespective of the atomization gas. 

Alkali Vapor Transport in Coal Conversion and Combustion Systems... 

In complex combustion systems, alkali vapor transport can occur as the metal or as molecular species, such as NaCl, (NaCl)2, NaOH, (NaOH)2, Na2S04, NaSO (x = 2,3), NaPO (x = 2,3) and,... 

Future studies should be pursued under controlled doping conditions and in atmospheres containing CO2 and O2. The known synergistic effect of CO2 on 02-solubility in silicate melts at very high gas pressures has, in fact, been interpreted in terms of Na2C03 formation in solution. Effects of this type could significantly enhance alkali vapor transport in practical combustion systems. 

Real MHD Channel Slag (Ki). Detailed TMS and KMS studies were made of vapor transport over a high liquidus temperature (a. 1700 K) potassium-enriched coal slag with initial composition as indicated in Table II. This slag sample was obtained by combustion of Illinois No. 6 coal with additional potassium added to the combustor [see ( )[. Note that this slag composition lies between those of the "Eastern" and "Western" coal-types. 

Background. In the previous sections, we have considered alkali vapor transport from condensed phase systems in the absence of external influences, such as reactive gases. However, some of the component gases of combustion systems, such as H2O, HCl, SO2, O2, CO, and H2, can be expected to significantly modify alkali vapor transport through mass action effects or formation of new molecular species. Some representative cases are considered as follows. 

Glass-Combustion Gas System. Certain combustion gas components can promote alkali vapor transport in glass systems. Such transport is important in glass melting. Also, glass had heen suggested as a medium for trapping particulate material in combustion gas clean-up processes, such as for pressurized fluidized bed combustion ( ). ... 

Using our experimental activity data for Na20 in glass, we have modeled the effect of a typical combustion gas mixture on alkali vaporization ( ). For this purpose we have acquired, and adapted to our computers, a code known as SOLGASMIX (7 ) which is unique in its ability to deal with non-ideal solution multicomponent heterogeneous equilibria. Previous attempts to model this type of problem have been limited to ideal solution assumptions ( ). As is demonstrated in Table III, if solution non-ideality is neglected, drastic errors result in the prediction of alkali vapor transport processes. Table III and Figure 21 summarize the predicted alkali species partial pressures. The thermodynamic data base was constructed mainly from the JANAF (36) compilation. Additional details of this study will be presented elsewhere. 

Hastie, J. W., Plante, E. R. and Bonnell, D. W. 1982, Alkali Vapor Transport in Coal Conversion and Combustion Systems. 

Loading is one of the most hazardous operations in the process industries. These facilities represent a strategic point in the process that, if lost, may adversely affect the entire operation of the facility. Pipeline transport is the preferred method of material transport but cannot be accommodated in instances where smaller quantities are involved or where trans-ocean shipment is required. The most prevalent hazard with loading facihties is the possibility of overfilling, displacement and release of combustible vapors, buildup of static electricity, and collisions with transferring facilities and carrying vehicle (primarily ships, barges, or trucks). 

Flammability and Combustion of Polymeric Compositions Reactivity of Polymer Solutions Analytical Calorimetry Ions and Ion Pairs in Non-Solvolytic Organic Reactions Fibers of Thermally Resistant Organic Polymers Chemistry of Polyurethanes Water Vapor Transport in Polymers... 

Fluoroacetic acid [144-49-OJ, FCH2COOH, is noted for its high, toxicity to animals, including humans. It is sold in the form of its sodium salt as a rodenticide and general mammalian pest control agent. The acid has mp, 33°C bp, 165°C heat of combustion, —715.8 kJ/mol( —171.08 kcal/mol) (1) enthalpy of vaporization, 83.89 kJ /mol (20.05 kcal/mol) (2). Some thermodynamic and transport properties of its aqueous solutions have been pubHshed (3), as has the molecular stmcture of the acid as deterrnined by microwave spectroscopy (4). Although first prepared in 1896 (5), its unusual toxicity was not pubhshed until 50 years later (6). The acid is the toxic constituent of a South African plant Dichapetalum i mosum better known as gifirlaar (7). At least 24 other poisonous plant species are known to contain it (8). 

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