Valdez

The other refining centers in the United States are all located near one of the major pipelines that are suppHed either from the Gulf Coast oil fields or from Oklahoma, Texas, or Louisiana fields. The Pacific Northwest refineries were originally suppHed mostly by Canadian production. Currently (ca 1995), these refineries are predominantly suppHed by Alaskan North Slope cmde, which is brought in from Valdez to the refinery ports in tankers. 

M, Chavez-Paez, H. Acuna-Campa, L. Yeomans-Reyna, M. Valdez-Covarru-bias, M. Medina-Noyola. Phys Rev E 55 4406, 1997. 

Although the pipeline from the North Slope to the port of Valdez was the route chosen and completed in 1977, the scientific community preferred the trans-Alaska-Canada route its use would have prevented the Exxon Valdez ianker accident of 1989. 

Some environmentalists anticipated a major accident like that of the Exxon Valdez. When plaiiiiing for the Trans-Alaska Pipeline took place during the energy crisis of the early 1970s, it was controversial because of the conflicts of balancing the needs of oil... 

Exxon Valdez runs aground off the Alaska coast. 

In any industrial facility, from offices to factories and laboratories, spills happen and create a variety of risks to workers. Inside a plant, spills result in chemicals on the floor, in the air, or on the workers themselves. When releases occur outside the plant (e.g., chemical releases from tank cars or trucks, the spread of noxious fumes from an internal spill), the potential for harm extends far beyond the facility, particularly with major catastrophes such as the Bhopal chemical release, the Exxon Valdez oil spill. New York s Love Canal, and dioxin-contaminated Times Beach in Missouri, have led several federal departments and agencies to enact protective regulations. These protections are aimed at protecting a much broader range of people, property, and the environment than most regulations administered by OSHA. 

Roy, N.K., Stabile, J., and Seeb, J.E. et al. (1999). High frequency of K-ras mutations in pink salmon embryos exposed to Exxon Valdez oil. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 18, 1521-1528. 

S. R. Narayanan, T. Valdez, N. Rohatgi, W. Chun, and G. Halpert, in Fuel Cell Seminar, November 1998, Ed. by Courtesy Associates, Washington abstract pp. 707-709. 

Renner R (2006) Exxon Valdez oil no longer a threat Environ Sci Technol 40 6188-6189. 

Sugai SF, JE Limndstrom, JF Braddock (1997) Environmental influences on the microbial degradation of Exxon Valdez oil on the shorelines of Prince William Sound, Alaska. Environ Sci Technol 31 1564-1572. 

Lessons Learned from the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Field, Fall, Nighswander, Peacock, Varanasi, editors 1999... 

Tank vessel Exxon Valdez 03-24-89 Bligh Reef, Prince William Sound, Alaska 240,500... 

Lucier, Richard L. The International Political Economy of Coffee From Juan Valdez to Yank s Diner. Praeger Publishers, New York 1988. 

B Foxman, RB Valdez, KN Lohr, GA Goldberg, JP Newhouse, RH Brook. The effect of cost sharing on the use of antibiotics in ambulatory care results from a population based randomized controlled trial. J Chron Dis 40(5) 429-437, 1987. 

Ironically, despite all this scientific progress, modern fiberoptic cables went into service during a decade of chemical catastrophes more reminiscent of the old Leblanc factories than of optical fibers superpurity. On December 3, 1984, a cloud of deadly methylisocyanate gas leaked from a Union Carbide plant in Bhopal, India the gas killed more than 3000 people and injured up to 25,000. Two years later in Europe, a Sandoz chemical factory spilled 30 tons of chemicals into the Rhine River, killing fish for 120 miles downstream. In North America, the Exxon Valdez oil tanker spilled crude oil over 1000 miles of Alaskan coastline in 1989. 

Valdez-Gonzales M, Sanit-Martin H, Hernandez-Cobos J, Ayala R, Sanchez-Marcos E, Ortega-Blake I (2007) Liquid methanol Monte Carlo simulations with a refined potential which includes polarizability, nonadditivity, and intramolecular relaxation. J Chem Phys 127(22) 224507... 

Fernando Lopez-Valdez, Fabian Fernandez-Luqueno, Carolina Perez-Mo rales and Mariana Miranda-Arambula... 

Fernando Lopez-Valdez Fabian Femandez-Luqueno2, Carolina Perez-Morales1 and Mariana Miranda-Arambula1... 

Lopez-Valdez F, Fernandez-Luqueno F, Ceballos-Ramirez JM, Marsch R, Olalde-Portugal V, Dendooven L.A strain of Bacillus subtilis stimulates sunflower growth (Heli-anthus annuus L.) temporarily. Scientia Horticulturae. 2011 128 499-505. DOL10.1016/ j. scienta.2011.02.006... 

Lopez-Valdez F, Fernandez-Luqueno F, Luna-Suarez S, Dendooven L. Greenhouse gas emissions and plant characteristics from soil cultivated with sunflower (Helian-thus annuus L.) and amended with organic or inorganic fertilizers. Science of the Total Environment. 2011 412-413 257-264. DOI 10.1016/j.sdtotenv.2011.09.064... 

Castorena, G. Suarez, C. Valdez, I., et al., Sulfur-Selective Desulfurization of Dibenzothiophene and Diesel Oil by Newly Isolated Rhodococcus Sp Strains. Ferns Microbiology Letters, 2002. 215(1) pp. 157-161. 

T. Montensinos, S.P. Munguia, F. Valdez, and J.L. Marty, Disposable cholinesterase biosensor for the detection of pesticides in water-miscible organic solvents. Anal. Chim. Acta 431, 231-237 (2001). 

Breithaupt DE, Yahia EM and Valdez F. 2007. Comparison of the absorption efficiency of a- and 3-cryptoxanthin in female Wistar rats. Br J Nutr 97 329—336. 

Ayala-Zavala JF, del-Toro-Sanchez L, Alvarez-Parrilla E, Soto-Valdez H, Martin-Belloso O, Ruiz-Cruz S and Gonzalez-Aguilar GA. 2008b. Natural antimicrobial agents incorporated in active packaging to preserve the quality of fresh fruits and vegetables. Stewart Postharvest Rev 4 1—9. 

Gonzalez-Aguilar GA, Ruiz-Cruz S, Soto-Valdez H, Vazquez-Ortiz F, Pacheco-Aguilar R and Wang CY. 2005. Biochemical changes of fresh-cut pineapple slices treated with antibrowning agents. Int J Food Sci Technol 40(4) 377-383. 

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