Natural antimicrobial agents

Ayala-Zavala JF, del-Toro-Sanchez L, Alvarez-Parrilla E, Soto-Valdez H, Martin-Belloso O, Ruiz-Cruz S and Gonzalez-Aguilar GA. 2008b. Natural antimicrobial agents incorporated in active packaging to preserve the quality of fresh fruits and vegetables. Stewart Postharvest Rev 4 1—9. 

Stadhouders, J. and Beumer, R.R. 1994. Actual and potential applications of the natural antimicrobial agents of milk in the dairy industry. In Indigenous Antimicrobial Agents of milk—Recent Developments , pp. 175-197, IDF Special Issue 9404. 

Hinokitiol is a tropolone type natural compound isolated from the wood of Chymacyparis taiwanesis. The compound has been utilized as a natural antimicrobial agent in hair tonics, toothpastes, cosmetics and food supplements. Hinokitiol was evaluated on five different arachidonic acid metabolic pathways for the mechanism of action of anti-inflammatory effects. It has been found to be a potent inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.1 pM against platelet-type 12-LOX and 50 pM against leukocyte-type 12-LOX. It also inhibited soybean 5-LOX enzyme (IC50 = 17 pM). However, hinokitiol had almost no effects on COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. Similar inhibition profiles were also observed on synthetic tropolone derivatives [168]. 

It is established that the barrier efficiency of the woven fabrics directly depends on the arrangement of the filaments in the yam and the construction of the woven fabric. Research indicates that a desized, scoured, and bleached plain-weave cotton fabric weighing 130 g/m finished with a natural antimicrobial agent, neem seed, showed 99.5% antibacterial activity against S. aureus (Joshi et al., 2007). It should be mentioned that neem seed is obtained from the neem tree, Azadirachta indica, which... 

Antimicrobial dressings can be produced by making use of known synthetic and natural antimicrobial agents. A wide range of antimicrobial agents are available and some specific antimicrobials that are exclusively used in wound dressings are ... 

Keywords Natural antimicrobial agent Modification of PET surfiice, Antimiaobial activity, FTIR, SEM, TEM... 

A plain weave polyester (70 ends X 58 picks) weighing 80 gm/ m was used in this study. Neemazd Technical (Seed extract liom Neem tree) was used as natural antimicrobial agent and supplied by EID (Parry) India Ltd, Bangalore. 

Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) Natural antimicrobial agents (e.g. nisin, thymol, carvacrol, isothiocyanate, antibiotics)... 

Francolini I, Norris P, Piozzi A, et al. Usnic acid, a natural antimicrobial agent able to inhibit bacterial biofilm formation on polymer surfaces. Antimicrob Agents Chemother November 2004 48(11) 4360-5. 

Chitosan is one of the natural antimicrobial agents that widely used in active packaging. It either incorporated directly or indirectly into the film matrix. Effect of CNF incorporation into starch/chitosan composite film towards antimicrobial properties was previously studied by Salehudin et al. (2014b). Starch/chitosan composite (S C 9 1) film was prepared with starch and chitosan only while starch/ chitosan nanocomposite film (S C 9 1 +2 %CNF) was prepared by adding 2 % of CNF, chitosan and starch. Significant enhancement on the antimicrobial properties and food shelf life for both films was observed. 

Owing to increasing understanding of the importance of AMPs in fish immune systems and the increasing need to find safe, effective natural antimicrobial agents to combat serious disease outbreaks in fish the race to determine and characterize new AMPs has been accelerated and their antimicrobial effects on fish pathogens are being analyzed. 

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