Prince William Sound

Prince William Sound Prinivil Prins reaction Print bonding Printed circuit board... 

Sugai SF, JE Limndstrom, JF Braddock (1997) Environmental influences on the microbial degradation of Exxon Valdez oil on the shorelines of Prince William Sound, Alaska. Environ Sci Technol 31 1564-1572. 

Tank vessel Exxon Valdez 03-24-89 Bligh Reef, Prince William Sound, Alaska 240,500... 

Short,]. W. Maselko, J. M. Llndeberg, M. R. Harris, P. M. Rice, S. D. Vertical Distribution and Probability of Encountering Intertidal Exxon Valdez Oil on Shorelines of Three Embayments within Prince William Sound, Alaska. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006, 40, 3723-3729. 

Shorelines. The successful bioremediation of shorelines affected by the spill from the Exxon Valdez in Prince William Sound, Alaska, was perhaps the largest project to date. Bioremediation focused on the addition... 

Oil spills present many different variations in the manner in which they develop and react to cleanup efforts. The Alaskan spill that occurred on March 24, 1989, in Prince William Sound was the most extensively researched to date. The cost of cleaning up the spill also exceeded all other tanker spill expenses to date. A study reported by the U.S. Forest Service estimates the final fate of die 10 million gallons as follows evaporated, 35% recovered, 17% burned, 8% biodegraded, 5% and dispersed, 5%. 

Long-term exposure of microbial populations to certain toxicants often is necessary for adaptation of enzymatic systems capable of degrading those toxicants. This was the case with the Exxon Valdez oil spill in Alaska in 1989. Natural microbial populations in Prince William Sound, Alaska, had developed enzyme systems that oxidize petroleum hydrocarbons because of long-term exposure to natural oil seeps and to hydrocarbons that leached from the pine forests in the area. Growth of these natural microbial populations was nutrient limited during the summer. Thus the application of nutrient formulations to the rocky beaches of Prince William Sound stimulated microbial growth and helped to degrade the spilled oil. 

National Transportation Safety Board. Grounding of U.S. tankship Exxon Valdez on Bligh Reef, Prince William Sound near Valdez, AK March 24, 1989. NTSB Report MAR-90-04, 1990. 

Page, D.S., Boehm, P.D., Douglas, G.S., Bence, E.A., Burns, W.A., Mankiewicz, P.J., 1996. The natural petroleum hydrocarbon background in subtidal sediments of Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 15, 1266-1281. 

North Sea, United Kingdom Prince William Sound, Alaska Pipe alpha oiling explosion Exxon Valdez spill Millions of tons of oil spill 166 ... 

C5B In 1989, the oil tanker Exxon Valdez struck a reef in Prince William Sound, Alaska. The accident released 40 million litres of crude oil. The oil eventually covered 26 000 km2 of water. 

Page DS, Boehm PD, Brown JS, Neff JM, Bums WA, Bence AE. 2005. Mussels document loss of bioavailable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and the return to baseline conditions for oiled shorelines in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Mar Environ Res 60 422-436. 

Wheelwright, J. (1994) Degrees of Disaster, Prince William Sound How Nature Reels and Rebounds. Simon and Schuster, New York. 

The response of microorganisms to N, P, and O2 and the effectiveness of biodegradation are simple to determine in the laboratory. These are also easy to assess in a bioreactor in which inflow and outflow measurements can be made. The same is not true in an in situ bioremediation. The pollutants may disappear from the site as a result of volatilization from the soil or water, or merely by dilution in flowing water. A number of methods can show that biodegradation has occurred or that a deliberate bioremediation has been successful in the field. The issue of confirming the effectiveness of bioremediation was particularly acute at Prince William Sound because of the enormous cost for the cleanup of the large affected area. 

On March 24, 1989, shortly after midnight, an accident involving the supertanker vessel, the Exxon Valdez, resulted in a spill of 11 million gallons (260,000 barrels) of crude oil into the waters of Prince William Sound, Alaska. The spill was the largest in U.S. history and tested the abilities of local, national, and industrial organizations to respond to a disaster of such magnitude. Many factors complicated the cleanup efforts following... 

The spill posed threats to the sensitive food chain that supports Prince William Sound s commercial fishing industry. Also in danger were 10 million migratory shore birds and waterfowl, hundreds of sea otters, and dozens of other species, such as harbor porpoises and sea lions, and several varieties of whales. Adequate resources for cleanup did not reach the accident scene quickly enough. Through direct contact with oil or because of a loss of food resources, many birds and mammals died (EPA, 2003d). 

Kvenvolden K. A., Hostettler F. D., Rapp J. B., and Carlson P. R. (1993a) Hydrocarbons in oil residue on beaches of islands of Prince William Sound, Alaska. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 26, 24-29. 

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