Use Common Sense

The manufacturer should also apply common sense to his hazard communication process. He must avoid placing so much verbal clutter on a label that it becomes difficult to imderstand or causes a disincentive to even read it. On the other hand, the label must contain enough information to warn and instruct a user of the product in an intelligent fashion and address the range of audiences likely to be involved. 

Of considerable interest to manufacturers will be the Product Liability Risk Retention Act of 1981 which passed the U.S. House of Representatives (as H.R. 21201) on July 28, 1981 and the U.S. Senate, in identical form (as S.1096) on September 11,1981. The legislation, perhaps inspired by cases such as Sindell, discussed previously, was introduced by Senator Robert W. Kasten (R.-Wis.). Among other things, it removes numerous state insurance regulation barriers to the formation of self-insurance groups, and enables product sellers to get together and buy commercial liability policies on a group basis. 

Of interest over the next months, perhaps years, will be the proposed Product Liability Act prepared by the Senate Commerce Committee. The central thrust of the bill is to create a federal product liability law which would preempt state liability statutes but retain the jurisdiction of the state courts. 

Two other related areas of law are also expanding and should be taken into account by the manufacturer. 

The first relates to a corporation s liability for the product liabilities of a company it purchases. 

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There are several ways to test the linearity of a calibration line one can devise theory-based tests, or use common sense. The latter approach is suggested here because if only a few calibration points are available on which to rest one s judgement, a graph of the residuals will reveal a trend, if any is present, while numerical tests need to be adjusted to have the proper sensitivity. It is advisable to add two horizontal lines offset by the measure of repeatability accepted for the method unless the apparent curvature is such that points near the middle, respectively the end of the x-range are clearly outside this reproducibility band, no action need to be taken. 

Leventhal, H., Diefenbach, M. Leventhal, E. A. (1992). Illness cognition using common sense to understand treatment adherence and affect cognition interactions. Cogn. Ther. Res., 16, 143-63. 

Hazardous substances can be distributed in plumes of dust or smoke, or can be contained in or on debris scattered about the site of an attack. An individual who uses common sense when he sees a plume of smoke should try to avoid direct contact by retreating into a nearby building. Because fine particles may also be in the air and not easily observed, the potential for exposure reduces as distance from the site increases. Risk from exposure may also be reduced by seeking shelter in a nearby building. 

It is understood that the ability to implement specific measures for a particular setting will be dependent on the availability of funding. For this reason, readers should use common sense based on knowledge of local environment and vulnerabilities when selecting specific measures to be taken. To ease the financial burden,... 

The most important step towards a preventive regime, one that truly has protection of human health and the environment at its core, is to give a central place in chemicals legislation to the Substitution Principle. This can be defined quite simply as the substitution of hazardous substances by less hazardous, or preferably non-hazardous, alternatives where such alternatives are available. It means that if a product that uses a hazardous chemical can be manufactured using a safer alternative, at a reasonable cost, the hazardous substance will no longer be permitted for that use. Common sense Yes, but currently things do not work that way, and many hazardous substances are used without need, simply because there is no legislative or economic reason for substitution to take place systematically. 

Use common sense when planting trees. Look at the sun s position during the day, and imagine where the shadows will be. Make sure your favorite breakfast corner will not be thrown into deep shade in the morning. Remember that tree roots will spread beyond the crown of the tree, affecting moisture and nutrient levels in the soil in the surrounding area. 

How would you avoid a situation like this Use common sense never say anything that does not apply to the mock business, at anytime or anyplace ditch your car at an airport and rent a car never develop steady patterns or habits use a lot of patience shut down the illicit part of your operation if at all nervous keep an eye out for surveillance vehicles invest in a bug detector never get a partner that you haven t known for at least six years etc. 

Read all the answer choices. Eliminate answers intelligently. Use common sense to rule out the choices that cannot possibly be correct. Try to use the information from the question to select the correct answer. When faced with two or more answers that seem correct, try to select the one that is always correct rather than the one that is only sometimes correct. Look for answers that are opposite there is a good chance that one of these is correct. 

This first sample question is followed by a step-by-step analysis that shows you how to use common sense and a systematic problem-solving approach to select the best possible answer. You might want to try working out the answer yourself before you read the explanation that follows. 

Read each answer carefuiiy. Use common sense to eiiminate answers that are clearly wrong. 

According, then, to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, Mr. Watt lowered Ty But, of course, the professors who worked out these laws were just formalizing the discoveries that practical working people had made a 100 years before their time, using common sense and craftsmanship. 

To a considerable degree, we can predict relative reactivities, provided we use common sense to limit our efforts to reasonable situations. In the preceding section, we argued that reactions in which atoms or radicals combine can well be expected to be extremely fast because each entity has a potentially bonding electron in an outer unfilled shell, and bringing these together to form a bond does not require that other bonds be broken ... 

The information in Table 10.1 reflects currently available information concerning chemicals used in both art and chemistry. It should be understood that the authors and publisher can take no responsibility for the use or misuse of any information provided herein. Readers should use common sense and seek advice from the medical profession, regulatory agencies, and associated professionals about specific hazards and problems. 

We use common sense to find the correct power level We know we want lower power, and for Bruker that means a larger number. So we add this to 3 dB to get a power setting of 58.4 dB. As this power level corresponds to the maximum power of the Gaussian shaped pulse, we can set this power level for our shaped pulse and get a 180° rotation. This would be the starting point for the pulse calibration. 

Use common sense. On multiple-choice questions, it might be readily apparent that you ve made an error (e.g., none of the choices match your answer). However, on the free response, there is no immediate feedback about the accuracy of your answer. It is important to inspect your work to make sure it makes sense. 

Love Canal is the best or worst example of the failure to use common sense in dealing with a potential alleged risk to human health. But another example, particularly of psycho-... 

Or you can just write them down using common sense. If you re given an A, then the next unit can only be another A or a B. You may now be saying to yourself, We are surely done with all these definitions. But no-o-o-o-o You can have conditional probabilities of different orders Sometimes this subject shows no mercy. 

The terminal and penultimate models then correspond to first- and second-order Markovian statistics, respectively. But you don t actually have to know this, in the sense that we can just proceed using common sense. For example, the probability of finding the sequence ABABA in a system obeying first-order Markovian statistics (i.e., copolymerization where the terminal model applies) is given in Equations 6-31. 

The problem states that there were 10 jellybeans left, and we wound up with 15 of them. That indicates that we started with too big a number. Thus, 90, 120, and 140 are all wrong With only two choices left, let s use common sense to decide which one to try. The next lower answer is only a litde smaller than 90 and may not be small enough. So, let s try 60 ... 

I have kept such a mixture several years with no deterioration, however reasonable storage precautions should be observed.All such mixture type powders, including com-mercially prepared black powder, should be protected from dampness. All will deteriorate If exposed to large amounts of humid air, but If you use common sense, they will keep Indefinitely. 

Stepper motors are usually expensive to replace. They are about half the cost of a new printer Damage to them is very easy to avoid, using common sense. 

Knowledge of the concentration-response relationship and the nature of the pharmacodynamic responses and toxicity in animals are the only sound basis for deciding on the starting dose and dosage increments to be used in man. This information needs to be interpreted and applied using common sense application of formulae is not appropriate. 

Now we use common sense to fill in the rest of the phase portrait (Figure 6.4.6). For example, some of the trajectories starting near the origin must go to the stable node on the x-axis, while others must go to the stable node on the y-axls. In between, there must be a special trajectory that can t decide which way to turn, and so it dives into the saddle point. This trajectory is part of thesZaWe manifold of the saddle, drawn with a heavy line in Figure 6.4.6. 

The bottom line is that the lab maiiagement and analysts should use common sense in judging what quality assurance procedure should be implemented, based on the goal of the analysis, experience, available methods, time and cost constraints, and the like. But the closer you can adhere to accepted guidelines, the more confident you (and others) will be in your results. Remember, a proper analysis is more than simply receiving a sample and performing a one-shot analysis. If it is not properly documented, the analysis effort, time, and cost may be wasted. 

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