Urinary tract disorders

Gil - Dysuria, oliguria, renal tubular necrosis (5% or more) hydronephrosis, renal damage, renal insufficiency, urinary retention, urinary tract bleeding, urinary tract disorder (2% to less than 5%). 

Moreland RB et al Emerging pharmacologic approaches for the treatment of lower urinary tract disorders. J Pharm Exp Ther 2004 308 797. [PMID 14718592]... 

Te AE. A modern rationale for the use of phenoxybenzamine in urinary tract disorders and other conditions. Clin Ther 2002 24(6) 851-61. 

WooUiandler S, Pels RJ, Bor DH, Himmelstein DU, Lawrence RS. Dipstick urinalysis screening of asymptomatic adults for urinary tract disorders. I. Hematuria and proteinuria. JAMA 1989 262 1214-9. 

The lower urinary tract consists of the bladder, urethra, urinary or urethral sphincter, and the surrounding musculofascial structures including connective tissue, nerves, and blood vessels. The urinary bladder is a hollow organ composed of smooth muscle and connective tissue located deep in the bony pelvis in men and women. The urethra is a hollow tube that acts as a conduit for urine flow out of the bladder. The interior surface of both the bladder and urethra is lined by an epithelial cell layer termed transitional epithelium, which is in constant contact with urine. Previously considered inert and inactive, transitional epithelium may actually play an active role in the pathophysiology of many lower urinary tract disorders, including interstitial cystitis and UI. The urinary or urethral sphincter is a combination of smooth and striated muscle within and surrounding the most proximal portion of the urethra adjacent to the bladder in both men and women. This is a functional but not anatomic sphincter that includes a portion of the bladder neck or outlet as well as the proximal urethra. 

Ammoniacal fermentation, or alkalinization and decomposition of urine, is responsible for the foul odor of urine (Kraemer, 1964). The results of one study (Kraemer, 1964) found that a single dose of 16 oz of cranberry juice lowered the urine pH of six men with chronic urinary tract disorders, and decreased ammoniacal odor and turbidity. The urine pH of five of six men free of urinary tract infections was also lowered with this dose. In another study (DuGan and Cardaciotto, 1966), hospital personnel noted a decrease in urine odor in the geriatric wards of a nursing home, but a change in urine pH or change in ammonia levels in the air could not be detected. Other subiective... 

Sassafras Blood thinner, urinary tract disorders oil used topically as antiseptic Diaphoresis, hot flushes with oral use of bark ingestion of sassatas oil may be lethal (coma, cardiovascular collapse and respiratory paralysis)... 

Storage Keep cool, well closed protect from light Uses Natural flavoring agent in foods, liqueurs, gin, pharmaceuticals carminative in herbal remedies for urinary tract disorders, muscle and joint pain tonic, masking agent in cosmotics... 

The improved anatomic and functional information obtained with MR urogaphy will provide new insights into the underlying pathophysiology of urinary tract disorders. As a result, it is likely that MR urography will replace renal scintigraphy in the evaluation of renal tract disorders in children in the near future. 

Fruit preparations, calculated at a daily dose of20-60 g, are used for the treatment of acute diarrhea and for localized nuld inflammation of the mucous membranes of the mouth and throat. In Europe, leaf preparations are used for the supportive treatment of diabetes mel-htus prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal, kidney, and urinary tract disorders, as well as arthritis, dermatitis, functional heart problems, gout, hemorrhoids, poor circulation, and for metabolic stimulation of circulation. Efficacy of the leaves is not established and their therapeutic use is not recommended (blumenteial 1). 

BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY Antibiotic [8086] antibiotic-resistant bacteria [8062] for biliary and urinary tract disorder treatment [8087] antagonist against both thromboxane A and leukotriene [8088] antimicrobial for staphylococcus aureus [6891] as allergy inhibitor [8089] vesicular stomatitis virus inhibition [8059],... 

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection caused by pathogenic microorganisms of one or more structures of the urinary tract. The most common structure affected is the bladder, with the urethra, prostate, and kidney also affected (see Pig. 47-1). Display 47-1 identifies the disorder most frequently associated with each of these structures within the urinary system. Clinical manifestations of a UTI of the bladder (cystitis) include urgency, frequency, burning and pain on urination, and pain caused by spasm in the region of the bladder and the suprapubic area. 

Many UTIs are treated on an outpatient basis because hospitalization usually is not required. UTIs may be seen in the hospitalized or nursing home patient widi an indwelling urethral catiieter or a disorder such as a stone in the urinary tract. 

Mitoxantrone (Novantrone) 12 mg/m2 up to 140 mg/m2 IV Every 3 months Nausea 76% Alopecia 61 % Menstrual disorders 61% Urinary tract infection 32% Amenorrhea 25% Leukopenia 1 9% y-Glutamyl transpeptidase increase 1 5%... 

Many medications can influence the lower urinary tract, including those not used for managing genitourinary disorders, and can precipitate new onset or aggravate existing voiding dysfunction and urinary incontinence. 

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a my cotoxin produced by some species of Penicillium and Aspergillus. It is nephrotoxic to all animal species tested and the causal agent of mycotoxic porcine nephropathy (Krogh, 1978). It was previously associated with the human renal disorder, Balcan endemic nephropathy (BEN), and tumours of the urinary tract (Pfohl-Leszkowicz et al., 2002). Recently, another endemic kidney disease (Tunisian chronic interstitial nephropathy, CIN) was linked to OTA-contaminated food (Creppy, 1999 Wafa et al.,... 

Adverse reactions that occurred in 3% or more of patients include the following abnormal gait, abdominal pain, accidental injury, amblyopia, asthenia, ataxia, confusion, cough increased, depression, diarrhea, difficulty with concentration/attention, difficulty with memory, dizziness, ecchymosis, emotional lability, flu syndrome, hostility, infection, insomnia, myalgia, nausea, nervousness, paresthesia, pain (unspecified), pharyngitis, rash, somnolence, speech disorder, tremor, urinary tract infection, vomiting. 

Miscellaneous Anxiety depression dizziness headache rash abdominal pain/discomfort gingival disorder infectious diarrhea nausea rectal pain/discomfort tooth disorder vomiting arthritis back pain myalgia lower extremity pain menstrual irregularity vaginitis influenza upper/lower respiratory tract infection fatigue otitis sleep disorder urinary tract infection. 

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