United States recommended daily allowance

Adult males have been estimated to lose 1.0 mg of iron per day. The United States Recommended Daily Allowance for iron is 8.0 mg. What is a reasonable estimate of the bioavailability of dietary iron ... 

NOTE WELL Table N-3 in section headed "Nutrients Requirements, Allowances, Functions, Sources" of this encyclopedia gives the United States Recommended Daily Allowances (RDA) of each nutrient, plus its major function(s) in the body and best food sources hence, the reader is referred thereto. A comparison of United States RDAs with the recommended daily dietary guidelines of selected countries and FAO follows. 

The illusion of a precise dietary requirement for a vitamin is nowhere more clearly illustrated than by consideration of the antiscorbutic vitamin C. In the United Kingdom and in Canada 30 mg. daily is recommended for all ages, while the United States Recommended Dietary Allowances vary with age and sex from 30 up to 100 mg. daily. Since requirements for ascorbic acid have not been shown to depend on body size, figures like 70 mg. for a woman but 75 mg. for a man are difficult to explain. 

Thiamine requirements vary and, with a lack of significant storage capabiHty, a constant intake is needed or deficiency can occur relatively quickly. Human recommended daily allowances (RDAs) in the United States ate based on calorie intake at the level of 0.50 mg/4184 kj (1000 kcal) for healthy individuals (Table 2). As Httle as 0.15—0.20 mg/4184 kJ will prevent deficiency signs but 0.35—0.40 mg/4184 kJ are requited to maintain near normal urinary excretion levels and associated enzyme activities. Pregnant and lactating women requite higher levels of supplementation. Other countries have set different recommended levels (1,37,38). 

In the United States, the recommended daily allowances (RDAs) are periodically developed by the... 

RDA Term suggesting recommended daily allowance the National Academy of Sciences sets the required nutrient values for the healthy people in the United States. The values consider the needs of all individuals. 

Radon A naturally occurring radioactive inert gas that cannot be seen, smelled, or tasted, formed by radioactive decay of radium atoms in soil and rocks RDA Recommended daily allowance the National Academy of Sciences sets the required nutrient values for healthy people in the United States. The values take into consideration the needs of all individuals RDI Recommended daily intake... 

In 1998, the reference intake in the United States and Canada was reduced from the previous Recommended Daily Allowance of 2 mg per day for men and 1.6 mg per day for women (National Research Council, 1989) to 1.3 mg per day for both (Institute of Medicine, 1998). The report cites six smdies that demonstrated that this level of intake would maintain a plasma concentration of pyridoxal phosphate at least 20 nmol per L although, as shown in Table 9.5, the more generally accepted criterion of adequacy is 30 nmol per L. 

NPC N nonprotein-calorie nitrogen ratio PN parenteral nutrition PPN peripheral parenteral nutrition PUPA polyunsaturated fatty acid RDA recommended daily allowance RS refeeding syndrome TNA total nutrient admixture TPN total parenteral nutrition USP United States Pharmacopeia... 

Pantothenic acid is essential for the normal metabolism of fats and carbohydrates. Like many other vitamins, pantothenic acid is abundant in meat, fish, poultry, whole-grain cereals, and legumes. The recommended daily allowance (RDA) of pantothenic acid is 4-7 mg per day. Pantothenic acid deficiency, which is rather rare in the United States except among alcoholics, manifests itself as gastrointestinal, neuromotor, and cardiovascular disorders. Pantothenic acid is converted to its biologically functional form, known as coenzyme A, in the body. Coenzyme A is... 

Although only a small amount of the world s soybean production now is used directly for food, the United States supply of soybeans in crop year 1977 of 1.819 billion bushels (19.8 million metric tons of protein), if used directly for human food, would supply 943 million people with the recommended daily allowance of 56 gram of protein per day for a 70-kg man (Table I). In contrast, the world s production of 2.78 billion bushels (29.4 million metric tons of protein) would provide 1.4 billion people with the recommended allowance of 56 gram protein per day. Several projections indicate that United States production of 3 billion bushels may be needed to satisfy demand for soybeans in 1980. According to Wolf (3 ), in the United States about 2.5 gram of soy proteln/caplta/day is consumed directly compared to an available supply of 249 gram soy protein per day. How the U.S. supply of soybeans is disposed of in animal feed, export, and other outlets has been summarized (3 ). 

Minimum protein (or nitrogen) requirement the amoimt of complete protein required daily to compensate the nitrogen lost by excretion. Adults require 2S-3S g complete (contaiuiug optimal amounts of essential amino acids) protein per day. The absolute M.p.r. is the amount of nitrogen excreted on a protein-free but calorically adequate diet, i.e. about 2.4 g N = 15 g protein per day for adults. The United States Dept, of Agriculture s recommended daily allowance for adults has been revised downward in recent years from 70 g to 40 g protein per day for adults. 

The minimal amount of ascorbic acid which will prevent scurvy in infants or adults is approximately 10 mg. daily. There is disagreement as to the amount of ascorbic acid which should be included in the diet for the maintenance of good nutrition. The recommended daily allowance in the dietary standard of the United States (Table 1) is 30 mg. for infants, 70 to 75 mg. for adults, 100 mg. during pregnancy, and 150 mg. during lacta-... 

The body s need for most vitamins is relatively low. The amounts needed to ensure the normal physiological function of humans is dependent on many factors such as age, sex, health status, lifestyle, eating habits and work-related activity. Many countries have recommendations for the daily intake of vitamins, which are continually revised in accordance with contemporary scientihc knowledge and dietary guidelines. Presently, Recommended Daily Allowances (RDAs) are set in the EU (upper number) and United States (lower number) as follows vitamin A (800/900 xg), vitamin D (5/15 xg), vitamin E (12/15 mg), vitamin K (75/120 xg), thiamine (1.1/1.2 mg), riboflavin (1.4/1.3 mg), niacin (16/16 mg), pantothenic acid (6/5 mg), vitamin Bg (1.4/1.3 mg), biotin (50/30 xg), folacin (200/400 (xg), vitamin Bj2 (2.5/2.4 xg) and vitamin C (80/90 mg). 

Pantothenic acid is widely distributed in food and because of the lack of conclusive evidence regarding quantitative needs, a recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for pantothenic acid has not been estabUshed. In 1989, the Food and Nutrition Board of the United States National Research Council suggested a safe intake of 4—7 mg/d for adults. The provisional allowance for infants is 2—3 mg daily (90). 

The effect on zinc balance of a 10-fold difference in dietary molar ratio of phytate/zinc was tested in a metabolic balance study with 10 adult men. The mean zinc balance was 2.7 mg per day vrtien the dietary molar ratio of phytate/zinc was about 12 and 2.0 mg per day when the ratio was about 1. Menus consisted of foods commonly consumed in the United States. The mean daily intake of zinc was 17 mg and of neutral detergent fiber 16 g. The molar ratios of phytate/zinc were attained by using 36 g per day of whole or dephytinized wheat bran. Analysis of hospital and self-chosen diets Indicate that the majority of the United States population consume diets with molar ratios of phytate/zinc less than 10, but which provide less than the recommended dietary allowance of zinc. The balance results are discussed in relation to magnitude of the zinc intake, the type of food consumed and the role of adaptive responses in maintaining adequate zinc nutriture. 

The average daily intake of fiber in the United States is about 12 g. The Food and Nutrition Board has not established a requirement for fiber but states that fiber intake should be derived from fruits, vegetables, legumes, and cereals, not from fiber concentrates. If a recommended dietary allowance for fiber is established, it will refer to specific types of fiber rather than to fiber in general. 

From Recommended Dietary Allowances, 10th ed. Food and Nutrition Board, National Research Council—National Academy of Sciences, 1989. +The allowances, expressed as average daily intakes over time, are intended to provide for individual variations among most normal persons as they live in the United States under usual environmental stresses. Diets should be based on a variety of common foods in order to provide other nutrients for which human requirements have been less well defined. 

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