Adaptive response

In addition to the mechanisms of stress response so far considered, there are several others which have attracted the attention of plant ecologists. These include innate or environmentally determined forms of dormancy in seeds, spores, and vegetative buds, many of which represent adaptive responses restricting plant growth and development to favourable seasons or sites. Dormancy has been the subject of numerous publications and will not be considered here. Instead, opportunity will be taken to refer to two forms of plant response to stress which until recently have received only scarce attention. The first is the phenomenon of stored growth whilst the second involves the response of the developing shoot to mechanical impedance. 

Jones, H.G. (1980). Interaction and integration of adaptive responses to water stress the implications of an unpredictable environment. In Adaptation of Plants to Water and High Temperature Stress, ed. N.C. Turner and P.J. Kramer, pp. 353-65. New York Wiley. 

In summary, preliminary results from two animal models (rabbit and mouse) indicate that poly(N-palmitoylhydroxyproline ester) elicits a very mild, local tissue response that compares favorably with the responses observed for established biomaterials such as medical grade stainless steel or poly(lactic acid)/poly(glycolic acid) implants. At this point, additional assays need to be performed to evaluate possible allergic responses, as well as systemic toxic effects, carcinogenic, teratogenic, or mutagenic activity, and adaptive responses. 

Hormones, cytokines, interleukins, and growth factors use a variety of signaling mechanisms to facilitate cellular adaptive responses. 

Kawasaki S, Y Watamura, M Ono, T Watanabe, K Takeda, Y Niimura (2005) Adaptive responses to oxygen stress in obligatory anaerobes Clostridium acetobutylicum and Clostridium aminovalericum. Appl Environ Microbiol 71 8442-8450. 

Alessio, H.M. and Goldfarb, A.H. (1988). Lipid peroxidation and scavenger enzymes during exercise adaptive response to training. J. Appi. Physiol. 64, 1333-1336. 

Higuchi, M., Cartier, L.J., Chen, M. and HoUoszy, J.O. (1985). Superoxide dismutase and catalase in skeletal muscle adaptive response to exercise. J. Gerontol. 40, 281-286. Hunter, M.I.S., Brzeski, M.S. and de Vane, P.J. (1981). Superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and thiobarbi-turic acid-reactive compounds in erythrocytes in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Clin. Chim. Acta 115, 93-98. 

Figure 10.11 Adaptive response nature of c/s-double bonds in N-cardanyltauramide that undergoes micelle-vesicle-micelle transition with respect to temperature.

Balachandran, V.S., Jadhav, S.R., Pradhan, P Carlo, S.D. and John, G. (2010) Adhesive vesicles through adaptive response of a biobased surfactant. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 49 (49), 9509-9512. 

Adaptive Response of Iron Absorption in Iron-overload Diseases... 

Body iron content is the principal factor in the regulation of iron absorption (Marx,1979a,b). However, other physiological variables, such as erythropoietic rate (Bothwell, 1968), hypoxia (Raja et ah, 1988) and inflammation (Weber et ah, 1988) also influence iron absorption. In normal individuals, if the rate of erythropoiesis is stimulated by blood loss, dyserythropoiesis or acute haemolysis, iron absorption is increased. Conversely, if erythropoiesis is inhibited by hypertransfusion, starvation or descent from high altitude to sea level, then iron absorption decreases. The adaptive response of iron absorption to increased erythropoiesis, stimulated... 

Nonspecific protein binding to the solid phase complicates the method and is a selective pressure driving its evolution. The adaptive response has been the development of intrinsically comparative methods in which specific binding to an immobilized ligand is blocked in one out of two otherwise identical samples. When the respective protein components of the samples are compared, specifically bound proteins are present in one but severely depleted in the other. To allow relative quantitation, the two samples can be made isotopically distinct by a chemical or metabolic process and then mixed for an analytical step that avoids intersample variability [15]. 

The combined features of structural adaptation in a specific hybrid nanospace and of a dynamic supramolecular selection process make the dynamic-site membranes, presented in the third part, of general interest for the development of a specific approach toward nanomembranes of increasing structural selectivity. From the conceptual point of view these membranes express a synergistic adaptative behavior the addition of the most suitable alkali ion drives a constitutional evolution of the membrane toward the selection and amplification of a specific transport crown-ether superstructure in the presence of the solute that promoted its generation in the first place. It embodies a constitutional selfreorganization (self-adaptation) of the membrane configuration producing an adaptative response in the presence of its solute. This is the first example of dynamic smart membranes where a solute induces the preparation of its own selective membrane. 

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