United States nuclear policies

For the United States to abandon nuclear power would not help to thwart potentia proliferation unless at the same time we would relinquish our nuclear weapons and could stimulate a broad international taboo against all things nuclear. Clearly, we have no will to do this. Further, whatever policy the US. were to adopt, over 30 countries now use... 

A more limited, but potentially quite useful, step would be to establish in the United States a nuclear energy "think tank" where alternative nuclear futures could be analyzed critically by participants from universities, industry, government agencies, and private policy groups. The goal would be to further the safety and economy of nuclear power. 

The British policy of interdependence with the United States was not without its disadvantages. As Baylis has pointed out, collaboration with the Americans in targeting made it difficult to pursue an independent strategy of how to employ nuclear forces. The original targeting strategy for the V-bomber force, as presented to the Swinton Committee in 1954, had been to strike at Soviet bomber bases, so as to reduce the scale of the nuclear attack on the United Kingdom (see pp. 319, 320). 

Finally, Mike McCormack, former Washington state Congressman, discusses the Federal legislation affecting nuclear waste disposal in the United States and the impact of several new laws passed by the Congress— the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 and the Low-Level Radioactive Waste Policy Act of 1980. 

The Energy Policy Act of 8 August 2005 in the United States sets plans for the Next Generation Nuclear Plant with the mission of proceeding to pre-industrial demonstrations of nuclear hydrogen production in the 2020s. 

The use of a nuclear power plant to produce hydrogen or for other process heat applications will present challenges to the licensing process. Potential safety and regulatory issues have been evaluated to identify possible research needs, policy concerns and licensing approaches. A brief description of nuclear power plant licensing in the United States and a discussion of specific issues for using nuclear power plantsfor process heat applications are presented. 

In the United States, the traumatic realization that energy self-sufficiency had been lost led to the first Presidential pronouncement of an overall energy policy in 1971. It advocated programs to increase the development of domestic hydrocarbon resources, to use more coal in environmentally acceptable ways, to develop synthetic substitutes for crude oil and natural gas, and to provide more electricity by nuclear fission. The top priority for Federal support was the liquid metal fast breeder... 

America s policy is to preserve peace, to extend the rights and liberties of free men, and to maintain the United States as a powerful, independent nation capable of freely exercising her will. To achieve these goals we must present effective resistance to overt military aggression from our enemy s present capacity and from his future capability, whether this aggression be by covert attack, creeping aggression, or nuclear blackmail. We do not speak here of our estimate of his future intentions—a questionable and precarious enterprise at best. 

Eisenhower s support of an open policy led to the establishment of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in 1957. The same year that Eisenhower gave his speech (1953), an armistice was signed ending the Korean War the structure of DNA was published by Watson and Crick Edmund Hilary and Tensing reached the summit of Mount Everest and the Society of Nuclear Medicine was founded in the United States. 

Interviews with GRC officials by Robert A. Madsen, in Chinese Chess US China Policy and Taiwan, 1969-1979, unpublished D.Phil. thesis, Oxford University, 1998, pp. 49-52, 101-3. Taipei did toy with the options of a rapprochement with Moscow and, in the later 1970s, the development of nuclear weapons. More successful, however, were its stepped-up intelligence-gathering activities in the United States and a political campaign of stimulating opposition to U.S.-PRC relations. See Garver, Sino-AmencanAlUancey pp. 277-81 Tucker, Uncertain Friendships 127, 130, 146-7. 

Moscow was afraid of fighting a nuclear war, it was trying to negotiate a nuclear nonaggression treaty with the United States while shifting its challenges to remote areas such as the Middle East. ° This reasoning went to the heart of Chinese suspicions about the fallout of a European detente on themselves, which underlay the tension between the U.S. policies of detente and rapprochement. 

Concern about the proliferation of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons and their means of delivery has reached exceptional levels. On November 14, 1994, the President of the United States found that ...the proliferation of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons ( weapons of mass destruction ) and of the means of delivering such weapons, constitutes an unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security, foreign policy, and economy of the United States. He declared a national emergency to deal with the threat. This executive order (12938) was extended on November 8, 1995 November 12, 1996 and again on November 12, 1997. 

Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources - This committee has jurisdiction on coal production, distribution and utilization energy policy energy research, conservation, and development hydroelectric power irrigation mineral conservation nonmilitary development of nuclear energy solar energy systems and over territorial possessions, including trusteeships of the United States. 

Roy M. MacLeod is professor of history at the University of Sydney. Educated at Harvard, the LSE, and at Cambridge, where he took his Ph.D., he has written extensively in the history of science, medicine and technology. He has held senior appointments at the universities of Sussex and London and visiting appointments at many universities in Europe and the United States. He teaches military history, nuclear history, and the history of museums in Europe, Asia and Australasia. He has written or edited sixteen books, of which the most recent are Darwin s Laboratory Evolutionary Theory and Natural History in the Pacific (Honolulu University of Hawaii Press, 1994), Technology and the Raj Technical Transfer and Technological Change in British India, 1780-1945 (New Delhi Sage, 1995), and Public Science and Public Policy in Victorian Britain (Aldershot Variorum, 1995). In 1996, he was Edelstein International Fellow in the History of Chemistry. 

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