Theory evolutionary

The accommodation of some piece of evidence e by some theory T undoubtedly tells us something positive about T—namely that it is at least consistent with e. When, as sometimes happens, it begins to seem as if there is no possible explanation for some evidence within some theory, then even finding an accommodation of that evidence may give scientists more confidence in the theory. Something like this happened, for example, with Darwinian evolutionary theory and the widespread phenomenon of apparently altruistic behaviour—the consistency proof in that case coming in the form of the theories of kin selection and reciprocal altruism. 

Grime, J.P. (1977). Evidence for the existence of three primary strategies in plants and its relevance to ecological and evolutionary theory. American Naturalist, 111, 1169-94. 

Dunnell, R. (1996), Evolutionary theory and archaeology, in O Brien, M. (ed.), Evolutionary Archaeology, Univ. Utah, Salt Lake, pp. 30-67. 

Senapathy, P. (1994), Independent Birth of Organisms A New Theory that Distinct Organisms Arose Independently from the Primordial Pond, Showing that Evolutionary Theories Are Fundamentally Incorrect, Genome Press, Madison, NJ. 

Lloyd, E. (1988), The Structure and Confirmation of Evolutionary Theory, Greenwood Press, New York. 

In the version of evolutionary theory popularised by Dawkins (1976), the fundamental unit of life is a gene, a conceptual abstraction clothed in the biochemistry of the nucleic acid DNA. The purpose, or telos, of this gene is replication - to make copies of itself - copies which because of random chemical and physical processes maybe more or less accurate. The particular chemical structure of DNA provides a mechanism whereby such faithful copying can readily occur - as James Watson and Francis Crick pointed out... 

Lloyd, E. A. (1988), The Structure and Confirmation of Evolutionary Theory, Greenwood Press, New York. [Paperback Edition, with new preface (1994), Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ ]... 

While a passionate enthusiast for evolutionary theories, and their experimental testing, Gunther Wachtershauser is in his professional life a patents lawyer. 

Blavatsky s main polemical purpose in Isis Unveiled was to undermine the materialist nature of Darwinian evolution and to build a spiritual system based upon an evolutionary theory revamped to include the life force and spiritual goals. She defined the terms of her argument by articulating an emana-tionist perspective against an orthodox evolutionist interpretation ... 

Thomas Kuhn, Structure, 172173. Stephen E. Toulmin, "The Evolutionary Development of Natural Science," American Scientist 55 (1967) 456471. David L. Hull, Science as a Process An Evolutionary Account of the Social and Conceptual Development of Science (Chicago University of Chicago Press, 1988) and Robert J. Richards, Darwin and the Emergence of Evolutionary Theories of Mind and Behavior (Chicago University of Chicago Press, 1987). 

Richards, Robert J. Darwin and the Emergence of Evolutionary Theories of Mind and Behavior. Chicago University of Chicago Press, 1987. 

Dosi, G. Marengo, L. 1994. Some element of an evolutionary theory of organizational competencies. In R. W. England (ed.). Evolutionary Concepts in Contemporary Economies. Ann Arbor University of Michigan Press. 

Nelson, R. Winter, S. 1982. An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change. Cambridge, MA Harvard University Press. 

The legacy of the split of NP research from biochemistry— evolutionary theory was not fully exploited... 

Although plant-herbivore co-evolutionary theory provides a model for the evolution of the phytochemical diversity between species described above, the diversity of closely related compounds or analogs observed in any single species is not readily explained. Jones and Firn (1991), Berenbaum (1985) and Feng and Isman (1995) provided several hypotheses that have looked specifically at the evolution of diversity of phytochemical substances in a single species and the possibility of analog redundancy (a duplication of effort or production of compounds with... 

There Ls another evolutionary theory of altruism that aims at explaining altruism toward strangers, and even toward members of different species. This account is dosely related to the theory of cooperation in repealed Prisoner s Dilemmas, further discussed in chapter XllI. 

In order for a sleep onset dream to become a hypnagogic hallucination, the internal stimulus strength has only to achieve a momentary advantage over the diminished force of external stimuli to generate emotionally salient perceptions. Because the prevalent emotion is anxiety, the salient imagery is fearsome, as befits the evolutionary theory advanced above. Better safe than sorry, and Forewarned is fore-armed, as we say. 

As of the early 1980s. numerous hypotheses have been formulated by molecular biologists and this fundamental discovery has stimulated a whole new line of research in many laboratories throughout the world. Some scientists have observed that the extra DNA cannot be accounted for simply upon the basis of evolutionary theories. The extra DNA may play a role in controlling gene expression. The complexity and current uncertainty of these hypotheses are beyond the scope of this book at this juncture in the research program. Perhaps the lopic will be better clarified at the lime of the next edition. Several of the references listed shed further insights. 

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