Appliances energy policy

Additionally, as a response to rising energy prices and uncertainty of supply, several states adopted appliance efficiency standards. At the federal level, the National Appliance Energy Consei vation Act of 1987 established the first national standards for refrigerators and freezers, furnaces, air conditioners, and other appliances. The Energy Policy Act of 1992 added national standards for incandescent and fluorescent lights, small electric motors, office equipment, and plumbing products. 

National Appliance Energy Cnnsei"vation Act. (1987). Public Law 100-12. March 17 (as amended by National Conseniation Policy Act, Public Eaw 95-619), Part B— Energy consei vation for consumer products other than automobiles. Washington, DC U.S. Department of Energy. 

The prospect of a patchwork of state standards became a cause of great concern to manufacturers. When President Jimmy Carter was elected, he proposed that mandatoi y standards be set by the Department of Energy (DOE) to replace the voluntary efficiency targets. Wliile opposing mandatory standards at the federal level, manufacturers acquiesced to the National Energy Conservation and Policy Act (NECPA) of 1978, which required DOE to set appliance efficiency standards for residential products. In return, manufacturers were able to obtain a requirement for DOE to evaluate the impacts on manufacturers that standards would impose and to consider them in setting the standards. 

As a consequence of recent technical developments as well as legal and policy requirements, overall energy consumption for domestic appliances in Europe is expected to fall gradually. The total energy consumption of washing machines, dryers and dishwashers is estimated to be around 60 TWh in Europe, equivalent... 

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