Solar energy storage systems

The facile, photoinduced valence isomerization of ethyl 1//-azepine-l-carboxylate to ethyl 2-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hepta-3,6-diene-2-carboxylatehas been studied as a potential solar energy storage system.101102 Unfortunately, the system proved to be inefficient due to build up of polymeric material during the thermally induced, exothermic retro-reaction. 

Fig. 32. Flow type solar energy storage system Fig. 33. Polymer battery. AX (n-Bu,N)CI01, utilizing immobilized sensitizer (30) and catalyst LiC104 etc.

Conductive polymers are useful semiconductors or coating materials to construct solar cells. A new photodiode is proposed to be made from a film of a polymer metal complex. Immobilized catalysts on polymers are used for solar energy storage systems. 

Flowing streams of pebbles also have been used in the chemical industry for removing heal from gases. Pebbles and stones arc also used in some solar energy storage systems. See Fig. 11 See also Solar Energy. 

Polymers can be used to locate reagents at particular sites and to provide unique surface environments. The possible applications of functionalized polymers in solar energy storage systems have been reviewed in detail. Metalloporphyrins or bipyjRu " " can be attached to various water-soluble polymers via covalent or electrostatic linkages. The ability of the dye to photoreduce dissolved in the aqueous phase, depends strongly upon... 

Much fundamental work, concerned mostly with the mechanism and kinetics of photoinduced electron transfer in polar medium, has been reported that helps in the design of new solar energy storage systems. General treatments of electron transfer... 

In contrast to the photoinduced electron transfer reactions of quadricyclane, its direct 185-nm photolysis in the liquid phase leads to NBD and to the formation of two side-products, namely 1,3,5-cycloheptatriene and 6-methylfulvene (Scheme 10). On the other hand, selective excitation of the CH bonds of gaseous Q by absorption of 598.8 nm laser photons produces a vibrationally hot [NBD]" , which fragments into cyclo-pentadiene, acetylene and 1,3,5-cycloheptatriene (Scheme 10). These CH overtone transitions involve excitation energies greater than the activation energy for the Q NBD isomerization to account for the hot molecule effect. The photoproducts 6-methylfulvene and 1,3,5-cycloheptatriene are also formed in trace amounts in the direct 254-nm (< 5%) and triplet-sensitized (<0.5%) photolysis of Q, which limits the usefulness of the NBDi Q interconversion as an efficient solar-energy storage system . 

R. B. King, E. M. Sweet, Polymer-Anchored Cobalt (II) Tetraarylporphyrin Catalysts for the Conversion of Quadricyclane to Norbomadiene in a Solar Energy Storage System, J. Org. Chem., 1919,44, 385-391. 

Base plays an important role in reducing Ru to Ru in a proposed solar energy storage system involving the [Ru(bipy)3] + ion. ... 

Franceschi, F., Guardigli, M., Solari, E., Floriani, C., Chiesi-ViUa, A., and Rizzoli, C., Designing copper(I) photosensitizers for the norbornadiene-quadricyclane transformation using visible light an improved solar energy storage system, Inorg. Chem., 36,4099—4107, 1997. 

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