Unemployment

Bangladesh is a developing country of 3rd world located in South East Asia covering a tenitory of 147,730 sqkm with about 120 million population. Per capita income is about 220 and literacy rate for 7 years and above has been 32.4%. In the backdrop of agrarian poverty ridden economy, its population may exceed 125 m by 2000 AD. Its 47% population are living below poverty line 12.06m people are unemployed. 

When considering taxes, all types need to be considered initial fees, capital value, corporate rate, personal income tax, sales tax, property tax, unemployment insurance, workmen s compensation, and nuisance tax. During the constmction phase, several types of taxes may be levied. These include building permits, special fees, assessments, and sewer connection fees. 

Many firms are finding areas such as Ireland, Scotland, Spain, and southern Italy, where unemployment rates are relatively high and governments offer property tax exemptions, grants toward capital investment, low interest loans, and other incentives, attractive from those standpoints. Some of these areas have developed a good infrastmcture based on businesses already attracted to the area. 

Other Titles - The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 continue the federal acid rain research program and contain several provisions relating to research, development and air monitoring. They also contain provisions to provide additional unemployment benefits through the Job Training Partnership Act to workers laid off as a consequence of compliance with the Clean Air Act. The Act also contains provisions to improve visibility near National Parks and other parts of the country. Strict enforcement of the Clean Air Act Amendments is the driving force behind pollution abatement. Non-compliance is simply not an option, since there are both financial and criminal liabilities that outweigh any benefits derived from a business. 

Using the federal system, the New Jersey Department of Labor assigns the classification code at the time that an employer registers his or her business with that department for unemployment insurance programs. The assignment is based on the employer s description of the primary activity of the business. 

Most of the financial risk of a process accident is suffered by the plant, not by offsite property, although unemployment may be a major contributor to the financial loss. 

The idea behind energy independence is that if all energy production occurs within a country s borders, then that country s economy will be insulated from any energy supply disruptions. The country would then have less unemployment and less economic decline if and when the world s energy exporters, especially OPEC members, cut their supplies. France, has developed a strong nuclear power industry so that it would not have to import as much oil... 

Psychosocial and environmental factors play a major role in the development and recovery from opioid dependence however, a detailed discussion is beyond the scope of this chapter. In general, the use of such drugs as marijuana and alcohol precedes the use of opioids (Clayton and Voss 1981 Kandel and Faust 1975). Although one cannot predict definitively which users will proceed to opioid use, those who do generally have low self-esteem, disrupted families, and/or difficult relationships with their parents. The increased availability of opioids in inner cities of major urban centers contributes to initiation of use and relapse. It is particularly difficult to avoid use and relapse in areas with high unemployment, poor school systems, and high crime rates, because living in such an area may contribute to the very affects opioid use temporarily reheves. 

The friction cost method (Koopmanschap et al. 1995) assumes that the human capital approach has a tendency to overestimate the indirect household costs. If a worker is seriously sick or dies, his job will be vacant for some time until a new person is hired or trained. However, the loss will not be there for many years. Therefore, the loss of human capital is calculated not until the time of retirement, but until the time of replacement. This approach is correct for unskilled labor in a situation of unemployment. It fits neither to a fully employed economy nor to a subsistence farmer society where there is no substitution of a father who died. 

When thinking about economics, we need to make the distinction between the topic and the discipline. There is an inherent familiarity about economics that follows from regular exposure to the topic through everyday transactions—purchases of goods and services—and through the media coverage of (for example) poverty, unemployment, government expenditure and taxation plans, and markets. 

Data from the ECA were used in an analysis of the social costs of anxiety disorders (Leon et al, 1995). Financial dependence was high among anxious individuals, particularly those with panic disorders (unemployment among men was 60%). Chronic... 

Depression occurring as part of bipolar disorder may be severe and accompanied by ideas of guilt and hopelessness, an inability to function at work because of poor concentration and psychomotor retardation or agitation, poor judgement and suicidal ideation. The lifelong risk of suicide in people with this condition is as high as 15%. Factors associated with suicide risk include alcohol misuse, marital separation or divorce, living alone and unemployment, and these are all common secondary consequences of the illness. 

Outpatient group members were very similar to the inpatient PCP abusers in most sociodemographic and drug-use characteristics. Their mean age was 29 years, educational level 12.6 years, and number of prior arrests 1.5. The majority of outpatients were black (83 percent), unmarried (67 percent), and unemployed (67 percent). Their mean duration of PCP use was almost 8 years, with, usually, no prior or recent substance abuse treatment. Thirty-seven percent used PCP at least daily, always by smoking. Like the inpatient PCP abusers, outpatients frequently (87 percent) reported abuse of other drugs alcohol (46 percent), marijuana (46 percent), and cocaine (37 percent). Several outpatients for whom cocaine was the preferred drug of abuse used PCP as a "cheaper high" when cocaine was not affordable. 

Capital grants, tax concessions, and other inducements are often given by governments to direct new investment to preferred locations such as areas of high unemployment. The availability of such grants can be the overriding consideration in site selection. 

Depression is not just an individual problem it is also a social problem. The people most likely to become depressed are poor, unemployed and undereducated.53 To some extent, this may be due to what is called social selection or economic drift. People who are chronically depressed might find it harder to perform well or even hold a job, and this might lead to a downward shift in their economic status. But there are data showing that the cause and effect can also run in the opposite direction.54 Different ethnic groups, for example, have different rates of depression. As the authors of one of the studies investigating this pointed out, ethnic status cannot be an effect of disorder because it is present at birth . Another study showed that people are more likely to become depressed if their parents were poor or less educated. These data cannot be explained by the economic-drift hypothesis. In other words, poverty and discrimination can cause depression. 

The importance of economic problems in depression has been shown in a study of psychotherapy for depression conducted by two researchers in Chicago.55 They found that during the first two sessions of treatment, more than 85 per cent of the depressed patients spontaneously brought up issues relating to inadequate financial resources, difficult working conditions or unemployment. They also found that the patients... 

By now, I hope that I have convinced you that much of what has passed for common wisdom about depression and antidepressants is simply wrong. Depression is not caused by a chemical imbalance in the brain, and it is not cured by medication. Depression may not even be an illness at all. Often, it can be a normal reaction to abnormal situations. Poverty, unemployment, and the loss of loved ones can make people depressed, and these social and situational causes of depression cannot be changed by drugs. 

Hammarstrom A (1994). Health consequences of youth unemployment Review from a gender perspective. Social Science Medicine, 38, 699-709. 

With the advent of monoclonal antibodies, the search for tumour-specific antigens became the biggest cottage industry since unemployment. It rapidly became apparent that a 90 kD disulfide-bridged transmembrane protein was present in many tumour cells - it was the transferrin receptor, and as they say, the rest is history. It has become a standard procedure to determine the in vivo growth potential of tumours by measuring transferrin receptor expression. 

Before Hitler, Germany was in an economic crisis illustrated by an unemployment of six million people, and our investments were ab-... 

But one couldn t look back to 1936 and say that Ter Meer, skeptically studying the influence of buna on Farben s fortunes and on the economy as a whole, could foresee that full employment sometimes brings greater evils than unemployment. Auschwitz existed then only as a "buna plant to the east." The name "Auschwitz" did not yet exist, except as the German translation for a little Polish town in Upper Silesia. Not until 1937 did full employment and "buna autarchy" begin to move eastward, driven by more than the danger of financial failure. In that year, said Ter Meer, "political reasons" dictated an abnormal expansion of most of Farben s plants, with the biggest emphasis on buna rubber. 

A 36-year-old male unemployed dishwasher with no history of seizures presents with difficulty thinking coherently and claims that he is an astronaut. Following treatment, he suddenly has a grand mal seizure. Which neuroleptic agent was administered ... 

Workers afflicted with OA, may suffer multiple hardships including lower wages due to transfer to other jobs, reduction in job responsibility, lost work days, lack of productivity, and long term unemployment. Quality and satisfaction of life can also be affected if there is development and/or worsening of ongoing asthma, exacerbation... 

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